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The ethnobotany of the Chipewyan of northern Saskatchewan


Author(s): Marles, R. J.

Year: 1984

Citation:
Marles, R. J. (1984).  The ethnobotany of the Chipewyan of northern Saskatchewan.
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The future of hunting and trapping and economic development in Alberta's north: Some facts and myths about inevitability


Author(s): Asch, M.

Year: 1990

Abstract:
Asch disputes the "myth" that hunting and trapping economy can only continue until modern development takes place, and that all development is incompatible with native traditional lifestyles. Nevertheless, this Doctor of Anthropology points out that the future of hunting and trapping in northern Alberta crucially depends upon the ability of community members to halt unbridled, uninformed, rapid resource development. He goes on to argue that this traditional economy should not be steam-rolled over in the name of progress but rather, like farming, should be respected as an economic sector and an integral part of today's world.

Citation:
Asch, M. (1990).  The future of hunting and trapping and economic development in Alberta's north: Some facts and myths about inevitability. Abstract
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The future of hunting, trapping and fishing ways of life and recognition of Aboriginal knowledge: Issues, research and needs: A short review paper for the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples


Author(s): Feit, H. A.

Year: 1992

Citation:
Feit, H. A. (1992).  The future of hunting, trapping and fishing ways of life and recognition of Aboriginal knowledge: Issues, research and needs: A short review paper for the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples.
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The Gaia atlas of First Peoples: A future for the Indigenous world


Author(s): Burger, J.

Year: 1990

Citation:
Burger, J. (1990).  The Gaia atlas of First Peoples: A future for the Indigenous world.
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The gathering place: Creeburn Lake


Author(s): Chandler, G.

Year: 2004

Abstract:
This promotional booklet for the Creeburn Lake Preservation Society contains information adapted from the ethnography Inkonze: The Stones of Traditional Knowledge. At only 21 pages, the purpose of the booklet was "to provide an outline of the importance of the Creeburn Lake area to the Fort McKay First Nation with respect to traditional land use, Oral tradition, Archaeology and Medicinal Plant use. The booklet is well designed, with numerous full-colour photographs and quotes from Fort McKay community members

Citation:
Chandler, G. (2004).  The gathering place: Creeburn Lake. Abstract
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The gendered nature of living and storage space in the Canadian Subarctic


Author(s): Brumbach, H. J., & Jarvenpa R.

Year: 1999

Abstract:
The social roles and cultural expectations of women and men in creating residential structures and their associated storage facilities and work stations are investigated. Ethnoarchaeological research among Subarctic Dene (Chipewyan), Cree and Metis communities employs a gender-conscious approach for understanding how feature size and alignment, general site organization, and intra- vs. inter-site uses of space are linked to complex decisions and actions made by both women and men. Moreover, gender patterning in the archaeological materials is linked to an array of economic, social and political factors reflecting late fur trade political economy of north-central Canada. Information for this analysis derives from ethnoarchaeological surveys conducted at a regional network of 44 late historic sites in northwestern Saskatchewan. Most of the sites represent multi-family seasonal encampments and trading outpost settlements occupied in the period between 1890 and 1950

Citation:
Brumbach, H. J., & Jarvenpa R. (1999).  The gendered nature of living and storage space in the Canadian Subarctic. 107-123. Abstract
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The geographical impact of outsiders on the community of Fort Chipewyan, Alberta


Author(s): Mathewson, P. A.

Year: 1974

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of non-Aboriginal culture, specifically, fur traders, missionaries, and government officials, on the people of Fort Chipewyan. It examines, through use of archival sources, community interviews and questionnaires, the changes that have occurred in the Aboriginal way of life, with particular emphasis on Aboriginal economic activity (both traditional and wage-based), land use, and settlement patterns. The study begins with an account of the fur trade in the region, highlighting the role played by the Chipewyans, as well as noting their historical territories, seasonal rounds, and the spatial and non-spatial impacts of outsiders. A good deal of information is provided on community movements, population, and health during the fur trade era. A similar examination of the community is given in the context of missionaries and government officials who visited and resided in the Fort Chipewyan area. The author then goes on to analyse the physical evolution of the Fort Chipewyan area, from Peter's Pond's post, through the Aboriginal settlements, to the current township, including changes in the spatial patterning of the settlement over time. There is an extended discussion of trapping, including market fluctuations over the 20th century, growing scarcity of resources, the introduction of registered traplines, trappers cabins location changes, trapper movements, the impact of the Bennett Dam, and the relationship between trapping and wage-based employment. Other economic activities, such as fishing, logging, mining, and transport, are also briefly discussed. The author notes in conclusion that increasing contact with outsiders had a great impact on the culture and way of life of the Aboriginals living in and around Fort Chipewyan. There has been a comprehensive shift from subsistence to wage economy; trapping is now occurring far from the settlement due to scarce resources; and that a viable economy in Fort Chipewyan is dependent upon "an enormously expanded ownership role in commercial enterprises" for Aboriginals.

Citation:
Mathewson, P. A. (1974).  The geographical impact of outsiders on the community of Fort Chipewyan, Alberta. Abstract
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The Government and Politics of the Alberta Metis Settlements


Author(s): Pocklington, T. C.

Year: 1991

Abstract:
This study of the eight Métis settlements in northern Alberta examines their history, legal status, government and politics, external and internal organizations, the issue of self-government and the opinions and attitudes of residents on a number of topics, and presents an unconventional approach to native self-government.

Citation:
Pocklington, T. C. (1991).  The Government and Politics of the Alberta Metis Settlements. Abstract
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The Government of Canada’s response to the environmental assessment report of the joint review panel on the Kearl Oil Sands Project


Year: 2008

Citation:
[Anonymous] (2008).  The Government of Canada’s response to the environmental assessment report of the joint review panel on the Kearl Oil Sands Project. (Government of Canada, Ed.). 57 pages.
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The Hudson's Bay Company, the Roman Catholic Church and the Chipewyan in the late fur trade period


Author(s): Jarvenpa, R.

Year: 1987

Citation:
Jarvenpa, R. (1987).  The Hudson's Bay Company, the Roman Catholic Church and the Chipewyan in the late fur trade period.
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The hunting tribes of Subarctic Canada


Author(s): Helm, J., & Leacock E. B.

Year: 1971

Citation:
Helm, J., & Leacock E. B. (1971).  The hunting tribes of Subarctic Canada.
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The impact of the traditional land use and occupancy study on the Dene Tha Nation


Author(s): Horvath, S., Dickerson M. O., MacKinnon L., & Ross M. M.

Year: 2002

Abstract:
"This paper is an assessment of the Traditional Land Use and Occupancy Study (TLUOS) on the Dene Tha' First Nation in northern Alberta. Impacts of the study include: Identification of and greater protection of traditional Dene Tha' sites; enhanced traditional cultural values and increased traditional land uses, improved communication with industry and government; all of which seemed to nurture a greater sense of community empowerment. These are positive impacts and they could be an important step in this First Nation achieving greater self-sufficiency. eet article evalue I'impact de l'Etude d'utilisation et d'occupation traditionnelle des terres sur la Premiere nation Dene Tha' dans Ie nord de l'Alberta. Les effets de cette etude incluent: I'identification et une plus grande protection des sites traditionnels des Dene Tha'; une mise en valeur des valeurs culturelles et des utilisations traditionalles des terres; de meilleures relations avec I'industrie et Ie gouvernement; Ie tout resultant dans un sentiment accru d'habilitation dans la communaute. En fin de compte, ces effets sont positifs et pourraient etre un premier pas vers une plus grande autarcie pour cette Premiere nation.

Citation:
Horvath, S., Dickerson M. O., MacKinnon L., & Ross M. M. (2002).  The impact of the traditional land use and occupancy study on the Dene Tha Nation. 2 , 361-398 . Abstract
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The Indian tipi: It's history, construction and use


Author(s): Laubin, R., & Laubin G.

Year: 1977

Abstract:
Within this book is everything you need to know about constructing and living in a tipi, together with its history and its art, including the art of decorating it in best Native style in short, all the tipi lore extant today.

Citation:
Laubin, R., & Laubin G. (1977).  The Indian tipi: It's history, construction and use. Abstract
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The Indians of Canada


Author(s): Jenness, D.

Year: 1955

Citation:
Jenness, D. (1955).  The Indians of Canada.
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The Indians of the Subarctic: A critical bibliography


Author(s): Helm, J.

Year: 1976

Abstract:
The present volume is a strong reminder that culture areas exist in their own right, sprawling across national or tribal territories, and that the range of culture includes more than survival traits. The Indians of the Subarctic have adapted to a physical habitat that imposes taxation in terms of time and energy far beyond the demands of most national governments, but they have preserved universal human qualities of thought and feeling as they found their particular species niche in the natural habitat. Ethnology here must stay within the narrow bounds set by ecology, yet even within so strict a compass there is variation and imagination. This bibliography cites 272 sources and studies in an essay format. The essay is organized by subheadings: basic reference works (identifications and classifications); major ethnographies; prehistory; histories and historical materials; Indian accounts and personal histories; contemporary conditions; Native newsletters and newspapers; traditional Indian culture and society; language; and bibliographies and series. An alphabetical list of all works cited is included. All citations in the essay are keyed by means of bracketed numbers to the more complete information in the list. Preceding the list are two sets of recommended titles--one for the beginner and the other for a basic library collection. Works suitable for secondary school students are denoted by asterisks in the alphabetical list. This book can be useful to both beginning students and advanced scholars.

Citation:
Helm, J. (1976).  The Indians of the Subarctic: A critical bibliography. Abstract
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The influences of wolf predation, habitat loss, and human activity on caribou and moose in the Alberta oil sands


Author(s): Wasser, S. K., Keim J. L., Taper M. L., & Lele S. R.

Year: 2011

Abstract:
Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) and moose (Alces alces) populations in the Alberta oil sands region of western Canada are influenced by wolf (Canis lupus) predation, habitat degradation and loss, and anthropogenic activities. Trained domestic dogs were used to locate scat from caribou, moose, and wolves during winter surges in petroleum development. Evidence obtained from collected scat was then used to estimate resource selection, measure physiological stress, and provide individual genetic identification for precise mark–recapture abundance estimates of caribou, moose, and wolves. Strong impacts of human activity were indicated by changes in resource selection and in stress and nutrition hormone levels as human-use measures were added to base resource selection models (including ecological variables, provincial highways, and pre-existing linear features with no human activity) for caribou. Wolf predation and resource selection so heavily targeted deer (Odocoileus virginiana or O hemionus) that wolves appeared drawn away from prime caribou habitat. None of the three examined species showed a significant population change over 4 years. However, caribou population estimates were more than double those of previous approximations for this area. Our findings suggest that modifying landscape-level human-use patterns may be more effective at managing this ecosystem than intentional removal of wolves.

Citation:
Wasser, S. K., Keim J. L., Taper M. L., & Lele S. R. (2011).  The influences of wolf predation, habitat loss, and human activity on caribou and moose in the Alberta oil sands. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 9(10), 546 - 551. Abstract
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The integration of traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge in the assessment of cumulative effects: The experience of the Hudson Bay programme


Author(s): Okrainetz, G.

Year: 1993

Citation:
Okrainetz, G. (1993).  The integration of traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge in the assessment of cumulative effects: The experience of the Hudson Bay programme.
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The interspiritual age: Practical mysticism for the third millennium


Author(s): Teasdale, W.

Year: 1997

Abstract:
Examines the nature, role and extent of spirituality as it contributes to change in a global context. What is responsible for the emergence of global spirituality; What global spirituality is a consensus on; Trends noticed in religion; Examination of mysticism as the ultimate ground of spirituality.

Citation:
Teasdale, W. (1997).  The interspiritual age: Practical mysticism for the third millennium. 34(1), 74. Abstract
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The intricacy of policy making: Assessing environmental management in the Lower Athabasca, Alberta, Canada


Author(s): de Regt, W. H. P.

Year: 2014

Abstract:
This thesis explores societal–environment interactions in the context of environmental policy making processes in the Lower Athabasca, Alberta, Canada. Applying insights from the Actor-Network Theory, the thesis systematically analyses the policy making network by identifying and explaining embedded network processes. Particularly the thesis shows how different discursive and practical techniques are used by actors to characterise other entities, and configure the relationship between human development and the natural environment. The thesis demonstrates how the culture–nature dichotomy constructed in environmental management is problematic for environmental policy making processes. Environmental management entails the negotiation and settlement of deep differences regarding cross-cultural understandings of human society’s position within the environment. The dichotomy has a profound impact on power dynamics in the network and even triggers a reversion of the network forming process to the framing of environmental issues. As such the thesis concludes that network formation is not a linear process but that networks have an emergent quality. Elaborating on new ecological thought in ecological anthropology, the thesis further explains that societal–environment interactions do not only occur in the physical environment, but also in policy making processes.

Citation:
de Regt, W. H. P. (2014).  The intricacy of policy making: Assessing environmental management in the Lower Athabasca, Alberta, Canada. Abstract
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The land of feast and famine


Author(s): Ingstad, H.

Year: 1933

Abstract:
Describes the companions and fellow trappers with whom the author shared harsh and heart-warming experiences, and relates how he learned about beaver, caribou, wolf, and other wildlife. It provides information about native medicine and offers a glimpse of the Northwest Territories in the final days of the fur trading era.

Citation:
Ingstad, H. (1933).  The land of feast and famine. Abstract
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The land, our life: Indigenous rights and our common future


Author(s): Karikpo, M., Graham J., Bianchi E., Warden R., Stratton S., & Tauli Corpuz V.

Year: 2010

Citation:
Karikpo, M., Graham J., Bianchi E., Warden R., Stratton S., & Tauli Corpuz V. (2010).  The land, our life: Indigenous rights and our common future.
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The life and death of Matonabbee: Fur trade and leadership among the Chipewyan, 1736-1782


Author(s): Strother, R.

Year: 2007

Abstract:
The article focuses on Matonabbee and his leadership among the Chipewyan Indians. The capabilities of Matonabbee as a leader and as a guide for the expedition of Samuel Hearne may be attributed to his experiences as a carrier to the Chipewyan and Copper Indians. However, due to various events during the fur trade and his journey with Hearne, he committed suicide after feeling that he had lost his place in the Chipewyan community. An overview of the life of Matonabbee is discussed.

Citation:
Strother, R. (2007).  The life and death of Matonabbee: Fur trade and leadership among the Chipewyan, 1736-1782. 7. Abstract
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The Little Trapper


Author(s): Kreprakevich, J., & Schreiber D.

Year: 1999

Abstract:
Robert Grandjambe, Jr. is a unique and industrious 13-year-old kid. While his peers are adopting a more modern, urban lifestyle, Robert is continuing the traditions of his Cree forebears. The knowledge and skills passed down from his parents and other family members are strengthened by Robert's desire to learn more about the traditional lifestyle and the beliefs of his ancestors.

Citation:
Kreprakevich, J., & Schreiber D. (1999).  The Little Trapper. Abstract
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The man who chooses the bush


Author(s): Radford, T., & Jones P.

Year: 1993

Abstract:
For five or six months at a time Frank Ladouceur lives alone, trapping muskrat in the vast, desolate wilderness of northern Alberta. His family last visited him there some fourteen years ago, and Frank's own visits to the family home in Fort Chipewyan are few and far between. This is the story of an independent Metis who is remarkably determined and self-sufficient, and who is ceaselessly called to return to the bush.

Citation:
Radford, T., & Jones P. (1993).  The man who chooses the bush. Abstract
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The management of common property resources: Some conceptual and operational fallacies


Author(s): Bromley, D., & Cernia M.

Year: 1989

Citation:
Bromley, D., & Cernia M. (1989).  The management of common property resources: Some conceptual and operational fallacies.
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The Métis of Canada: Annotated bibliography


Author(s): Friesen, J. W., & Lusty T.

Year: 1980

Abstract:
The editors spent two years gathering and surveying writings by and about Métis people in Canada ranging from private correspondence and newspaper items to full-length books and articles by native writers. In the final hours of the project it was decided to omit newspaper stories from the collection and concentrate on the annotation of books, government documents, and significant articles. In this present collection the emphasis of most of the writings is on Western Canada, particularly Alberta, since Métis history is to be found in this part of confederation. This book is divided into three logical areas: historical, sociological, and educational. The first concentrates on sources which outline and interpret Métis beginnings in Western Canada; the second offers insights on contemporary issues for Métis people (for example, economics and housing); and the third focuses on educational opportunities and experiences of the Métis. The third section was added because of the potential education offers to native peoples in the future.

Citation:
Friesen, J. W., & Lusty T. (1980).  The Métis of Canada: Annotated bibliography. Abstract
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The microeconomics of southern Chipewyan fur trade history


Author(s): Jarvenpa, R., & Brumbach H. J.

Year: 1984

Citation:
Jarvenpa, R., & Brumbach H. J. (1984).  The microeconomics of southern Chipewyan fur trade history.
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The nature and utility of traditional ecological knowledge


Author(s): Freeman, M. M. R.

Year: 1992

Citation:
Freeman, M. M. R. (1992).  The nature and utility of traditional ecological knowledge. 20(1), 9-12.
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The North American Indian: Being a series of volumes picturing and describing the Indians of the United States, the Dominion of Canada, and Alaska


Author(s): Curtis, E. S.

Year: 1928

Citation:
Curtis, E. S. (1928).  The North American Indian: Being a series of volumes picturing and describing the Indians of the United States, the Dominion of Canada, and Alaska.
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The Northern Lights Project : environmental impact assessment application


Author(s): Consulting, J. W.

Year: 2004

Citation:
Consulting, J. W. (2004).  The Northern Lights Project : environmental impact assessment application.
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The northern river basins study: Context and design


Author(s): Gummer, W. D., Cash K. J., Wrona F. J., & Prowse T. D.

Year: 2000

Abstract:
Large river ecosystems worldwide are under increasing pressures from environmentally degrading processes related to population increase, land use changes, climate change and the release of chemical substances into the environment. The large spatial scale and a lack of empirical and theoretical understanding of the systems complicate environmental assessment in these systems. Recently, the Northern River Basins Study (NRBS) undertook a multi-disciplinary approach to assess environmental and socio-economic impacts of development in three large river basins in northern Canada; the Peace, the Athabasca and the Slave River. This paper provides the background and context for the NRBS and describes the rationale used in developing an assessment framework for the Study. An independent science advisory committee comprised of scientific experts from academia, First Nation and government oversaw quality assurance in terms of science planning, implementation and reporting. All technical studies were subject to both internal and external peer review prior to approval by a multi-stakeholder Study Board. The NRBS produced over 150 technical and 12 synthesis reports that detailed these findings and provided scientific recommendations. The Study Board used this information to prepare a final report and recommendations. The NRBS provides a clear example of a participatory, stakeholder approach that was successfully implemented in the design and management of an integrated watershed environmental assessment program.

Citation:
Gummer, W. D., Cash K. J., Wrona F. J., & Prowse T. D. (2000).  The northern river basins study: Context and design. 8(1), 7-16. Abstract
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The Peace River war: A B.C. hydroproject may be the next environmental battleground


Author(s): Kubish, G.

Year: 1990

Abstract:
The British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority are planning to dam the Peace River just downstream of Fort St. John, 31 miles west of the B.C.-Alberta border. The $3.5?illion dam, known as the Site C project, is now in its planning stages. B.C. Hydro justifies the dam by arguing that demand for electricity is growing at 4.6% per year, up substantially from the forecast level of 2.8%. Environmentalists warn the dam could mean lower downstream water flow, which could pose a threat to the water and wildlife of the Peace's Alberta basin. The dam will flood 4,600 hectares of land and water flow will stop for a short time as a 56 mile-long reservoir forms behind the dam. B.C. Hydro claims that there will be negligible downstream impacts. The northern Alberta native community of Métis wants public hearings into the effects of the Site C Dam. If the dam prejudices the capacity of the river to carry life, then federal involvement may be warranted. 2 figs.

Citation:
Kubish, G. (1990).  The Peace River war: A B.C. hydroproject may be the next environmental battleground. Abstract
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The Peace-Athabasca Delta: Portrait of a dynamic ecosystem


Author(s): Timoney, K. P.

Year: 2013

Abstract:
In the delta, water is boss, change is the only constant, and creation and destruction exist side by side." The Peace-Athabasca Delta in northern Alberta is a globally significant wetland that lies within one of the largest unfragmented landscapes in North America. Arguably the world's largest boreal inland delta, it is renowned for its biological productivity and is a central feature of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Yet the delta and its indigenous cultures lie downstream of Alberta's bitumen sands, whose exploitation comprises one of the largest industrial projects in the world. Kevin Timoney provides an authoritative synthesis of the science and history of the delta, describing its ecology, unraveling its millennia-long history, and addressing its uncertain future. Scientists, students, leaders in the energy sector, government officials and policy makers, and conscientious citizens everywhere should read this lively work.

Citation:
Timoney, K. P. (2013).  The Peace-Athabasca Delta: Portrait of a dynamic ecosystem. Abstract
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The Peace-Athabasca Delta: Portrait of a dynamic ecosystem - book review


Author(s): w. Day, J.

Year: 2014

Citation:
w. Day, J. (2014).  The Peace-Athabasca Delta: Portrait of a dynamic ecosystem - book review. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 46(3), 699 - 701.
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The pilgrimage to Lac Ste. Anne


Author(s): Borg, C.

Year: 2007

Citation:
Borg, C. (2007).  The pilgrimage to Lac Ste. Anne. 4 ( 1 ),  46-47 .
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The place of the past in the American landscape


Author(s): Lowenthal, D.

Year: 1976

Citation:
Lowenthal, D. (1976).  The place of the past in the American landscape.
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The place we call home: A history of Fort McMurray, as its people remember, 1778 - 1980


Author(s): Huberman, I.

Year: 2001

Citation:
Huberman, I. (2001).  The place we call home: A history of Fort McMurray, as its people remember, 1778 - 1980.
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The political economy of Aboriginal self-determination: The case of the Mikisew Cree First Nation


Author(s): Slowey, G. A.

Year: 2003

Abstract:
Although the impact of globalization on state sovereignty and citizenship has been the focus of many studies, few have yet to consider its affects on Aboriginal people. This research begins to fill this gap. Drawing on the experiences of one "resource-rich" community, the Mikisew Cree First Nation (MCFN), this study explores how state-market-MCFN relations have changed in the neoliberal era. Combining document analysis with primary research, it identifies challenges raised by shifting state policies and market relations and provides insight into the way MCFN is managing the political and economic demands of Aboriginal self-determination. It argues that the political economy of Aboriginal self-determination reflects the neoliberal logic that the well-being of First Nations in the new economic order is a function of their ability to compete as autonomous, self-governing and self-sufficient entities in the global marketplace, rather than as wards of the state. Federal and provincial welfare state policies, once blamed for Aboriginal socio-economic problems, have been replaced by policies designed to promote Aboriginal market participation and self-sufficiency. By changing the definition of the "Indian problem," from needing state protection to seeing the state as the barrier to Aboriginal socio-economic development, the shift in the direction of the state vis-a-vis Aboriginal policy, from paternalism to partnership, makes sense. Interestingly, it is within this shift to neoliberalism that some Aboriginal communities are able to find space within which to develop their own solutions to their many problems. Therefore, this study concludes that globalization, being closely wedded to neoliberalism, provides a framework through which we can better understand and explain the political economy of Aboriginal self-determination as it reflects broader changes occurring in the state-Aboriginal relationship as well as within Aboriginal communities.

Citation:
Slowey, G. A. (2003).  The political economy of Aboriginal self-determination: The case of the Mikisew Cree First Nation. Abstract
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The political economy of bison management in Wood Buffalo National Park


Author(s): McCormack, P. A.

Year: 1992

Abstract:
Nearly a century ago government initiatives saved Canada's wild bison from extinction, and in the 1920s Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP) was established as a preserve for wood and plains bison. Today new government initiatives threaten these northern bison with extermination as a "game management" strategy. This paper outlines the history of bison management in WBNP and addresses critical issues for the 1990s. It is argued that until the mid-1960s, when the park came under the jurisdiction of Parks Canada, management strategies were presented as biologically based but were conditioned by external political and economic considerations. Similarly, an analysis of current proposals to "replace" the bison of WBNP concludes the contemporary issues of political economy are obscured by attempts to justify the plan on biological grounds.

Citation:
McCormack, P. A. (1992).  The political economy of bison management in Wood Buffalo National Park. 45(4), 367-380. Abstract
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The politics of TEK: Power and the "integration' of knowledge


Author(s): Nadasdy, P.

Year: 1999

Abstract:
This paper takes a critical look at the project of "integrating" traditional knowledge and science. The project of integration has been and continues to be the cornerstone of efforts to involve northern aboriginal peoples in processes of resource management and environmental impact assessment over the past 15 years. The idea of integration, however, contains the implicit assumption that the cultural beliefs and practices referred to as "traditional knowledge" conform to western conceptions about "knowledge." It takes for granted existing power relations between aboriginal people and the state by assuming that traditional knowledge is simply a new form of "data" to be incorporated into existing management bureaucracies and acted upon by scientists and resource managers. As a result, aboriginal people have been forced to express themselves in ways that conform to the institutions and practices of state management rather than to their own beliefs, values, and practices. And, since it is scientists and resource managers, rather than aboriginal hunters and trappers, who will be using this new "integrated" knowledge, the project of integration actually serves to concentrate power in administrative centers, rather than in the hands of aboriginal people.

Citation:
Nadasdy, P. (1999).  The politics of TEK: Power and the "integration' of knowledge. 36(1 & 2), 1-18. Abstract
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The possibility of difference: rethinking co-management


Author(s): Stevenson, M. G.

Year: 2006

Citation:
Stevenson, M. G. (2006).  The possibility of difference: rethinking co-management. 65 ( 2 ),  167-180 .
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The post-contact Chipewyan: Trade rivalries and changing territorial boundaries


Author(s): Yerbury, J. C.

Year: 1976

Abstract:
This paper examines ethnohistorical documents in an effort to provide a glimpse into Chipewyan culture during their indirect and direct contact period. It will also question the presently held assumptions concerning aboriginal Chipewyan boundaries, showing that they are based upon a standardized ethnographic error.

Citation:
Yerbury, J. C. (1976).  The post-contact Chipewyan: Trade rivalries and changing territorial boundaries. 23(3), 237-263. Abstract
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The resistance 2014, a watershed year


Author(s): Anonymous

Year: 2015

Abstract:
The article discusses several movements against tar sands project in Canada during 2014-2015. In January 2015, Canadian singers Neil Young and Diana Krall held a tour across Canada to draw attention towards the social and environmental impact of tar sands development, and to raise money for the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation's legal defence fund. In April 2014, residents of the town of Kitimat, British Columbia, voted against energy company Enbridge Inc.'s Northern Gateway pipeline proposal.

Citation:
Anonymous (2015).  The resistance 2014, a watershed year. Canadian Dimension. 49, 1 page . Abstract
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The role of Native people in waterfowl management in Canada


Author(s): Cournoyea, N. J., & Bromley R. G.

Year: 1986

Citation:
Cournoyea, N. J., & Bromley R. G. (1986).  The role of Native people in waterfowl management in Canada.
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The Royal Society of Canada (RSC) - media backgrounder


Author(s): Anonymous

Year: 2010

Abstract:
"OTTAWA, Dec. 8 /CNW/ - Development of the oil sands of northern Alberta has become an issue of growing public interest in recent years, with highly polarized views being presented by different stakeholders, including First Nations, environmentalists, industries and governments, about the merits of oil sands development in relation to its environmental and health impacts. Regardless of what any individual chooses to believe about these divergent views, the scale of investment and development in the oil sands is a major factor in Canada's economy, making the issues involved of vital importance to Canadians. The oil sands (or tar sands) have become a focus of intense development in recent years, and production from the oil sands has raised the prospect of Canada being a substantial net exporter of petroleum products. The oil sands have become increasingly controversial because of environmental and health issues, including: overall greenhouse gas emissions (the oil sands contribute about 5% of Canada's total emissions, but are Canada's fastest growing source); major landscape disruption from surface mining; massive tailings ponds holding wastes toxic to fish and waterfowl; and major consumptive water use. Impacts on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG): What are the trends in the oil sands industry with respect to GHG emissions and emissions intensity? What are the challenges for Alberta and Canada - in terms of meeting Canada's international commitments for reducing overall GHG emissions - that are represented in these trends?

Citation:
Anonymous (2010).  The Royal Society of Canada (RSC) - media backgrounder. 8-Dec , Abstract
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The six faces of traditional ecological knowledge: challenges and opportunities for Canadian co-management arrangements


Author(s): Houde, N.

Year: 2007

Abstract:
The First Nations of Canada have been active over the past three decades in negotiating natural resources co-management arrangements that would give them greater involvement in decision-making processes that are closer to their values and worldviews. These values and worldviews are part of the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) that First Nations possess about the land; to reach agreements to the satisfaction of First Nations, appropriate ways to involve TEK in decision-making processes must be designed. Through a review of the literature on TEK, I identified six 'faces' of TEK, i.e., factual observations, management systems, past and current land uses, ethics and values, culture and identity, and cosmology, as well as the particular challenges and opportunities that each face poses to the co-management of natural resources.

Citation:
Houde, N. (2007).  The six faces of traditional ecological knowledge: challenges and opportunities for Canadian co-management arrangements. 12 ( 2 ),  34 . Abstract
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The six faces of traditional ecological knowledge: Challenges and opportunities for Canadian co-management arrangements


Author(s): Houde, N.

Year: 2007

Abstract:
The First Nations of Canada have been active over the past three decades in negotiating natural resources co-management arrangements that would give them greater involvement in decision-making processes that are closer to their values and worldviews. These values and worldviews are part of the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) that First Nations possess about the land; to reach agreements to the satisfaction of First Nations, appropriate ways to involve TEK in decision-making processes must be designed. Through a review of the literature on TEK, I identified six 'faces' of TEK, i.e., factual observations, management systems, past and current land uses, ethics and values, culture and identity, and cosmology, as well as the particular challenges and opportunities that each face poses to the co-management of natural resources.

Citation:
Houde, N. (2007).  The six faces of traditional ecological knowledge: Challenges and opportunities for Canadian co-management arrangements. 12(2), 34. Abstract
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The spirit of the Alberta Indian Treaties, third edition


Author(s): Price, R. T.

Year: 1999

Abstract:
This manuscript is focused on an accurate portrayal of the differing government and Indian interpretations of Treaties 6, 7, and 8 in Alberta, with special attention given to the First Nation understanding. However, the main message regarding the vital importance of these conflicting Treaty interpretations has implications beyond Alberta, because these same elements appear to be present in all the First Nation treaties after 1870.The purpose of these essays and interviews with Elders is to produce a greater mutual understanding on the part of both leaders of government and the First Nation people. The author believes that greater mutual understanding does allow the potential for governments to respond with a more sympathetic, enlightened public policy regarding the treaties, and for First Nation leaders to be more flexible in their dealings with governments.

Citation:
Price, R. T. (1999).  The spirit of the Alberta Indian Treaties, third edition. Abstract
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The Subarctic Athabascans: A selected annotated bibliography


Author(s): Hippler, A. E., & Wood J. R.

Year: 1974

Citation:
Hippler, A. E., & Wood J. R. (1974).  The Subarctic Athabascans: A selected annotated bibliography.
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The subarctic Indians and the fur trade 1680-1860


Author(s): Yerbury, J. C.

Year: 1986

Abstract:
Presents and interprets historical documents which trace the changes which occurred in Canadian Athapaskan Indian society as a result of the fur trade.

Citation:
Yerbury, J. C. (1986).  The subarctic Indians and the fur trade 1680-1860. Abstract
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The subartic fur trade: Native social and economic adaptations


Author(s): Krech, III, S.

Year: 1984

Abstract:
Contains six papers originally presented at the 1981 annual meeting of the American Society for Ethnohistory. These papers cover various aspects of Native economic and social adaptations in the context of the Canadian fur trade in the period ranging from the 17th century up to and including the 20th century.

Citation:
Krech, III, S. (1984).  The subartic fur trade: Native social and economic adaptations. Abstract
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The transmission of traditional ecological knowledge


Author(s): Ruddle, K.

Year: 1993

Abstract:
Chapter 3 of the book "Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK): Concepts and Cases" is presented. This chapter discusses the transmission of TEK from one generation to the next, based on the author's classic study of indigenous peoples in the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela. He outlines consistent generalizations about certain structural and processual characteristics of traditional knowledge transmission. Also explained is a key socio-cultural role being played by such a process.

Citation:
Ruddle, K. (1993).  The transmission of traditional ecological knowledge. Abstract
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The trappers of Patuanak: Toward a spatial ecology of modern hunters


Author(s): Jarvenpa, R.

Year: 1980

Abstract:
The geographical mobility of commercial for trappers and fishermen from the English River Chipewyan community of Patuanak, Saskatchewan, is used as a variable for explaining the organization of economic-subsistence cycles and ongoing processes of settlement system change.

Citation:
Jarvenpa, R. (1980).  The trappers of Patuanak: Toward a spatial ecology of modern hunters. Abstract
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The trapping rights of Aboriginal peoples in northern Alberta


Author(s): Passelac-Ross, M.

Year: 2005

Abstract:
The intent of this report is to examine "the legal nature of the trapping rights of Treaty beneficiaries in Alberta and what survives of these rights a century later." It also aims, focusing on the signatories of Treaty 8, to answer the following questions: "What remains of the right to trap recognized by Treaty 8? How has the right evolved over time? How is it viewed by Aboriginal peoples, by government? And how is it affected by resource development?" The report is comprised of six sections. The first is a brief introduction and the second an historical overview of trapping from the fur trade era to present day, the circumstances of Treaty 8, the Natural Resources Transfer Agreement, and the regulation and erosion of trapping rights. The third section discusses the different interpretations of trapping rights (both the original right and the modifications under NRTA) held by the courts, Aboriginal peoples, government, and experts, illuminating the sharp contrasts in opinion. Section four looks at the regulation of trapping rights under provincial wildlife legislation and compares the limitations of the registered trapline system with Aboriginal perceptions of trapping rights. Section five then turns to resource development and its impact on trapping, including policy entitlements of notification and compensation for affected trappers and the lack of government acknowledgement or enforcement of trapping rights. The final two sections call for a more generous interpretation and redefinition of the right to trap, as well as outlining the need for consultation and negotiation between government and First Nations. The report is rounded out with a bibliography of cited literature.

Citation:
Passelac-Ross, M. (2005).  The trapping rights of Aboriginal peoples in northern Alberta. Abstract
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The Trout Lake Cree


Author(s): Gregoret, G.

Year: 1971

Abstract:
Documents the way of life of the Trout Lake Cree Indians of Alberta, with emphasis on the traditional role of hunting, fishing, and trapping in the community life. Describes how these ancient methods of survival have formed the basis of the tribe's culture and set of values.

Citation:
Gregoret, G. (1971).  The Trout Lake Cree. Abstract
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The ubiquitous bushman: Chipewyan-white trapper relations of the 1930s


Author(s): Jarvenpa, R.

Year: 1977

Abstract:
This article discusses the nature of Chipewyan-white trader relationships during the 1930s, with particular emphasis on local Indian interpretations of events. During the early 1930s and early 1940s, at the time of the Great Depression, the subarctic forests of Canada and Alaska were inundated by thousands of white trappers seeking a source of income from the fur trade. Jarvenpa describes the personal characteristics of these traders, their competition and relationship with the Chipewyan fur traders and the cultural impact of white trappers on native society.

Citation:
Jarvenpa, R. (1977).  The ubiquitous bushman: Chipewyan-white trapper relations of the 1930s. Abstract
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The use of Indigenous knowledge in development: Problems and challenges


Author(s): Briggs, J.

Year: 2005

Abstract:
The use of indigenous knowledge has been seen by many as an alternative way of promoting development in poor rural communities in many parts of the world. By reviewing much of the recent work on indigenous knowledge, the paper suggests that a number of problems and tensions has resulted in indigenous knowledge not being as useful as hoped for or supposed. These include problems emanating from a focus on the (arte)factual; binary tensions between western science and indigenous knowledge systems; the problem of differentiation and power relations; the romanticization of indigenous knowledge; and the all too frequent decontextualization of indigenous knowledge.

Citation:
Briggs, J. (2005).  The use of Indigenous knowledge in development: Problems and challenges. 5(2), 99. Abstract
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The use of traditional knowledge in Cree hunting strategies


Author(s): Pye, C. D.

Year: 1999

Abstract:
The following paper presents a portion of the traditional ecological knowledge gathered during the 1997 moose harvest survey, conducted by the Little Red River Cree of Garden Valley. This traditional Cree community is located in the Boreal forest of north-eastern Alberta, 11 kilometres inside the west boundary of Wood Buffalo National Park. Through personal interviews with Cree Elders and hunters, traditional knowledge obtained either first hand, or handed down through generations is shared. Through this, the importance of the moose to the survival of these people, their traditions, and their culture becomes apparent. Although current park restrictions and modern technology have somewhat altered hunting practices, the Red River Cree of Garden River continue to base their hunting strategies on the traditional knowledge of the past. This knowledge includes the ecology, seasonal movements, habits, and various hunting strategies of the moose. This study was intended to improve the understanding of local issues, allow Native participation in Park policy and management plans, and to validate the importance of traditional knowledge to the sustainability of wildlife resources.

Citation:
Pye, C. D. (1999).  The use of traditional knowledge in Cree hunting strategies. Abstract
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The uses of Indigenous technical knowledge in development


Author(s): Howes, M.

Year: 1979

Abstract:
Although ITK has for long been the subject of academic concern, it is only recently that interest has been shown in the possibility of harnessing it for the purpose of development. This paper reviews a selection of the literature, considers various accounts of the nature of such knowledge and describes some cases, including those?uch as botanical knowledge and awareness of changes in eco-systems?n which ITK often has a comparative advantage. The paper considers alternative modes of interaction between such knowledge and organized science and their feasibility in various situations. Suggestions are made about how research can improve our understanding of ITK and enlarge its practical role in development activities.

Citation:
Howes, M. (1979).  The uses of Indigenous technical knowledge in development. 10(2), 12-23. Abstract
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The utilization of traditional knowledge, land-use and occupancy studies: a case study from western Alberta, Canada


Author(s): Nelson, S. J.

Year: 2006

Citation:
Nelson, S. J. (2006).  The utilization of traditional knowledge, land-use and occupancy studies: a case study from western Alberta, Canada.
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The wind and the caribou and trapping in northern Canada


Author(s): Munsterhjelm, E.

Year: 1953

Abstract:
Author's experience in Lake Athabasca area in 1930s

Citation:
Munsterhjelm, E. (1953).  The wind and the caribou and trapping in northern Canada. Abstract
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The world Wolf made: indigenous knowledge, ecology, and evolutionary biology


Author(s): Pierotti, R.

Year: 2008

Abstract:
Offers an examination of traditional knowledge and its strengths in relation to Western ecological knowledge and evolutionary philosophy. This book focuses on different concepts of communities and connections among living entities, and the importance of understanding the meaning of relatedness in both spiritual and biological creation

Citation:
Pierotti, R. (2008).  The world Wolf made: indigenous knowledge, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Abstract
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Thematic study of the fur trade in Canadian west, 1670-1870


Author(s): Smythe, T.

Year: 1968

Abstract:
This "preliminary" is a massive document detailing the history and important locations in the Fur Trade. The purpose of the paper is to outline these elements of the Fur Trade so that they might be commemorated by the Canadian government. The paper is divided into four main sections: Part one is a brief history of the western fur trade lasting as late as 1870. The author notes that that narrative in this part assumes that the users of this study should be familiar with the general term of reference for this subject. Regardless the narrative should help to place sites and events in their historical contexts. Part two describes the logistics of the western part of the fur trade, the locations of relevant post and their context within the fur trade system. These posts are divided into functional categories: wintering posts, district posts, provision post, and depots. Part three describes the construct of the Fur posts. Part four is the largest part of the paper, where the details of over 250 specific sites are given for posts in western Canada.

Citation:
Smythe, T. (1968).  Thematic study of the fur trade in Canadian west, 1670-1870. Abstract
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There is still survival out there: Traditional land use and occupancy study of the Fort McKay First Nation. First edition


Year: 1994

Abstract:
The Fort McKay First Nation undertook this study of traditional land use and occupancy on a broad area of boreal forest nearly 150 miles wide (east to west) along a 100-mile stretch of the Athabasca River downstream from Fort McMurray in north-eastern Alberta. Fort McKay, approximately 60 kilometres north of Fort McMurray. Fort McKay is inhabited by the Fort McKay First Nation or Treaty Indians, (both Chipewyan and Cree), as well as Métis and non-Status Indians. The central focus for the study arose out of the Treaty 8 promise: "As long as the sun shines and the rivers flow and the hills don't move, no curtailment of any game regulation will be imposed, and you will be free to hunt, trap and fish as you wish." The study was done using participatory research methods in which elders in the community were invited by local interviewers to share their stories about how they lived in the land. The elders who shared their knowledge in this project wish that it be shared both within the community and beyond. They hope that it will influence land use decisions and the choices young people make about their education and careers. Recommendations at the basic level call for use of this book as an educational resource in the Fort McKay School and in all Fort McKay families. Secondly, they call for steps to enable the establishment of a co-management regime to promote conservation and sustainable development of the four major intensive use areas identified in the research. Further recommendations are aimed at recovery of the First Nation' trapline land base and the establishment of a local centre for traditional knowledge - a TEK centre. The shared information was organized at four levels: 1. Basic (the maps themselves); 2. Overlays (all maps superimposed) showing coherent organization of traditional environmental knowledge (TEK); 3. Regional use patterns; 4. The relationships for co-management and co-planning within the study area of about 15,000 square miles (38,400 square kilometres).

Citation:
[Anonymous] (1994).  There is still survival out there: Traditional land use and occupancy study of the Fort McKay First Nation. First edition. Abstract
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This land was theirs: A study of Native North Americans


Author(s): Oswalt, W. H.

Year: 2005

Abstract:
Examines the traditional and contemporary lifeways of twelve North American Indian tribes. Ranging from the Netsilik hunters of the Arctic Circle to the Natchez farmers of the Mississippi; the groups represent the major culture areas and levels of socioeconomic complexity among the North American Indians.

Citation:
Oswalt, W. H. (2005).  This land was theirs: A study of Native North Americans. Abstract
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Those who know: Profiles of Alberta's Native elders


Author(s): Meili, D.

Year: 1991

Abstract:
Thirty-one profiles of Albertan Native elders from ten different tribes, chronicling their thoughts and experiences.

Citation:
Meili, D. (1991).  Those who know: Profiles of Alberta's Native elders. Abstract
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Threads of common knowledge


Author(s): Icamina, P.

Year: 1993

Abstract:
Indigenous knowledge is examined as it is affected by development and scientific exploration. The indigenous culture of shamanism, which originated in northern and southeast Asia, is a "political and religious technique for managing societies through rituals, myths, and world views." There is respect for the natural environment and community life as a social common good. This world view is still practiced by many in Latin America and in Colombia specifically. Colombian shamanism has an environmental accounting system, but the Brazilian government has established its own system of land tenure and political representation which does not adequately represent shamanism. In 1992 a conference was held in the Philippines by the International Institute for Rural Reconstruction and IDRC on sustainable development and indigenous knowledge. The link between the two is necessary. Unfortunately, there are already examples in the Philippines of loss of traditional crop diversity after the introduction of modern farming techniques and new crop varieties. An attempt was made to collect species, but without proper identification. Opposition was expressed to the preservation of wilderness preserves; the desire was to allow indigenous people to maintain their homeland and use their time-tested sustainable resource management strategies. Property rights were also discussed during the conference. Of particular concern was the protection of knowledge rights about biological diversity or pharmaceutical properties of indigenous plant species. The original owners and keepers of the knowledge must retain access and control. The research gaps were identified and found to be expansive. Reference was made to a study of Mexican Indian children who knew 138 plant species while non-Indian children knew only 37. Sometimes there is conflict of interest where foresters prefer timber forests and farmers desire fuelwood supplies and fodder and grazing land, which is provided by shrubland. Information and research priorities will be examined and an action plan developed in future months.

Citation:
Icamina, P. (1993).  Threads of common knowledge. 21(1), 14-6. Abstract
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Three generation life history study of Métis women in Alberta


Author(s): Dunnigan, C.

Year: 1993

Citation:
Dunnigan, C. (1993).  Three generation life history study of Métis women in Alberta.
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Threshold considerations and wetland reclamation in Alberta's mineable oil sands


Author(s): Foote, L.

Year: 2012

Abstract:
Oil sand extraction in Alberta, Canada is a multibillion dollar industry operating over 143 km2 of open pit mining and 4600 km2 of other bitumen strata in northern boreal forests. Oil production contributes to Canada-wide GDP, creates socio- cultural problems, provides energy exports and employment, and carries environmental risks regarding long-term reclamation uncertainties. Of particular concern are the implications for wetlands and water supply management. Mining of oil sands is very attractive because proven reserves of known quality occur in an accessible, politically stable environment with existing infrastructure and an estimated 5.5 billion extractable barrels to be mined over the next five decades. Extraction occurs under a set of limiting factors or thresholds including: limited social tolerance at local to international levels for externalities of oil sand production; water demands > availability; limited natural gas supplies for oil processing leading to proposals for hydroelectric dams and nuclear reactors to be constructed; difficulties in reclaiming sufficient habitat area to replace those lost. Replacement of the 85 km2 of peat-forming wetlands forecast to be destroyed appears unlikely. Over 840 billion liters of toxic fluid byproducts are currently held in 170 km2 of open reservoirs without any known process to purify this water in meaningful time frames even as some of it leaches into adjacent lands and rivers. Costs for wetland reclamation are high with estimates of $4 to $13 billion, or about 6% of the net profits generated from mining those sites. This raises a social equity question of how much reclamation is appropriate. Time frames for economic, political, and ecological actions are not well aligned. Local people on or near mine sites have had to change their area use for decades and have been affected by industrial development. Examining mining effects to estimate thresholds of biophysical realities, time scales, economic allocations, and social tolerance helps to contextualize the needs for decision making and relevant policy formation as a way of constructively reconciling production with governing safeguards to the environment and citizens.

Citation:
Foote, L. (2012).  Threshold considerations and wetland reclamation in Alberta's mineable oil sands. Ecology and Society. 17(1),  Abstract
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Through the Mackenzie Basin: A narrative of the Athabasca and Peace River Treaty expedition of 1899


Author(s): Mair, C.

Year: 1908

Citation:
Mair, C. (1908).  Through the Mackenzie Basin: A narrative of the Athabasca and Peace River Treaty expedition of 1899.
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Ties that bind: Native American beliefs as a foundation for environmental consciousness


Author(s): Booth, A., & Jacobs H. M.

Year: 1990

Abstract:
In this article we examine the specific contributions Native American thought can make to the ongoing search for a Western ecological consciousness. We begin with a review of the influence of Native American beliefs on the different branches of the modem environmental movement and some initial comparisons of Western and Native American ways of seeing. We then review Native American thought on the natural world, highlighting beliefs in the need for reciprocity and balance, the world as a living being, and relationships with animals. We conclude that Native American ideas are important, can prove inspirational in the search for a modem environmental consciousness, and affirm the arguments of both deep ecologists and ecofeminists.

Citation:
Booth, A., & Jacobs H. M. (1990).  Ties that bind: Native American beliefs as a foundation for environmental consciousness. 12(1), 27-43. Abstract
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Topophilia: A study of environmental perception, attitudes and values


Author(s): Tuan, Y.

Year: 1974

Citation:
Tuan, Y. (1974).  Topophilia: A study of environmental perception, attitudes and values.
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Toward culturally appropriate consultation: An approach for Fort McKay First Nation


Author(s): McKillop, J. A.

Year: 2002

Abstract:
McKillop's main focus is on the inefficiencies of current environmental impact assessments with regards to traditional land use. She argues that using the entire traditional territory of a community dilutes the true impact to "areas most valued by the community for resource harvesting and other traditional pursuits," and that what is required to address this inefficiency is "a shift toward a geographic focus for EIA that is culturally appropriate for Aboriginal peoples … [i.e.,] the delineation of a study area that is smaller and more meaningful." To this end, McKillop proposes the Culturally Significant Ecosystem approach. This approach quantitatively defines the land-use patterns of "resource interdependence and geographic locations" as provided by the community. The land-use patterns can be expressed as "geographically coherent units" according to the community's intensity of use. More accurate impact assessments, both project-specific and cumulative, can be gained by identifying high-intensity areas of use. McKillop also outlines the current state of government policies and legislation regarding Aboriginal rights and consultation, and presents an alternative framework for environmental impact assessments that reflects the different set of rights Aboriginals are entitled to and allows for greater participation from Aboriginal communities. This framework includes documenting traditional knowledge, developing a community-based environmental management strategy, and allowing for greater community participation in the environmental impact assessment process.

Citation:
McKillop, J. A. (2002).  Toward culturally appropriate consultation: An approach for Fort McKay First Nation. Abstract
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Toward the renaissance of Aboriginal spiritual culture: Intellectual advances in Alberta


Author(s): Waugh, E.

Year: 2012

Abstract:
Despite the still-lingering negative image of Aboriginal traditions, the fact is that significant advances have been made in Canada to lift the discussion to another level and to place Aboriginal spiritual perceptions and attitudes into dialogue with Canadian intellectual life. This movement is in tandem with a general sense of renewal and engagement within the Aboriginal community itself...the com- munity itself in renaissance. We deal here with some recent initiatives in Alberta that demonstrate how Indigenous viewpoints are beginning to be addressed by the academy and wider public. Critical, too is the notion expressed by Aboriginal peo- ple that the rise of their traditions is a way of addressing pressing social and medi- cal problems. This analysis focuses on two areas of discussion: Aboriginal law and the incorporation of traditional notions into health sciences and medicine. It spe- cifically reviews the approach by traditionalist Wayne Roan in the Alberta source website, examines the health initiatives of the Centre for the Cross-Cultural Study of Health and Healing and initiatives undertaken by Sundance chief and healer, Clifford Cardinal in the curriculum in the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Alberta. It also calls attention to the University of Calgary’s important initiative under the guidance of Peigan physician Dr. Lindsey Crow- shoe. The renaissance continues with some of the advances made when traditional healers from across Canada gathered at the University to discuss the boundaries of sharing traditional knowledge with medical institutions. These elements can only be perceived as symbolic of a significantly wider movement.

Citation:
Waugh, E. (2012).  Toward the renaissance of Aboriginal spiritual culture: Intellectual advances in Alberta. Religious Studies and Theology. 30, 135-153. Abstract
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Towards decolonizing the Pan-Canadian science framework


Author(s): Aikenhead, G. S.

Year: 2006

Citation:
Aikenhead, G. S. (2006).  Towards decolonizing the Pan-Canadian science framework. 6(4), 387-399.
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Towards successful forest planning through locally based qualitative sociology


Author(s): Brandenburg, A. M., & Blatner K. A.

Year: 1995

Abstract:
Generations of public land managers have understood the political importance of direct contacts with a variety of constituents. This article argues for a more formal, systematic use of face to face interactions and information gathering as a means of achieving more socially acceptable resource management. West. J. Appl. For. 10(3):95-100.

Citation:
Brandenburg, A. M., & Blatner K. A. (1995).  Towards successful forest planning through locally based qualitative sociology. 10(3), 95-99. Abstract
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Trace metals in traditional foods within the Athabasca Oil Sands area


Year: 2003

Citation:
[Anonymous] (2003).  Trace metals in traditional foods within the Athabasca Oil Sands area.
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Tracking change: Traditional knowledge and monitoring of wildlife health in Northern Canada.


Author(s): Parlee, B. L., Goddard E., Nation Ł. F. K. ’é, & Smith M.

Year: 2014

Abstract:
Traditional Knowledge (TK) is increasingly valued in long-term monitoring of wildlife health, particularly in northern Canada where Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) may represent a threat to valued caribou and moose populations. This article presents comparative research results (1998–2002 and 2010) about caribou and moose health based on research with Łutsël K’é First Nation, Northwest Territories (Canada). Elders’ knowledge, harvester observations, harvest data and consumption data indicate a decline in the availability of barren ground caribou and range shifts of both caribou and moose during the study period. An anomalous sighting of a white tailed deer near the community, coupled with moderate community concerns about CWD would suggest the need for greater monitoring of wildlife health. As resources for scientific monitoring become limited, the article suggests how northern Indigenous communities can use their own knowledge (TK) to monitor changes in arctic ecosystems.

Citation:
Parlee, B. L., Goddard E., Nation Ł. F. K. ’é, & Smith M. (2014).  Tracking change: Traditional knowledge and monitoring of wildlife health in Northern Canada.. Human Dimensions of Wildlife. 19, 47. Abstract
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Trade, consumption, and the Native economy: Lessons from York Factory, Hudson Bay


Author(s): Carlos, A. M., & Lewis F. D.

Year: 2001

Citation:
Carlos, A. M., & Lewis F. D. (2001).  Trade, consumption, and the Native economy: Lessons from York Factory, Hudson Bay. 61(4), 1037-1064.
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Traditional Dene medicine parts i: Report


Author(s): Rebesca, M. A., Romie D., Johnson M., & Ryan J.

Year: 1994

Abstract:
Part I of this study sets out a brief overview of the Dene, and more specifically the Dogrib, people and their traditional medicinal practices. Most of the report is comprised of brief entries detailing the parts and use of various plant and animal species. English, Latin, and Dogrib names for species are provided, as well as descriptions of what each species and species part is used for. Part II of the study [not available to this compiler] includes more information on healing plants and combinations thereof, animals used for healing, medical conditions and ways of healing, surgical procedures, women's health, spiritual healing, gift exchanges and offerings, collecting medicinal plants, causes of illness, and maintaining good health.

Citation:
Rebesca, M. A., Romie D., Johnson M., & Ryan J. (1994).  Traditional Dene medicine parts i: Report. Abstract
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Traditional ecologial knowledge and natural resource mangement


Author(s): Menzies, C. R.

Year: 2006

Abstract:
This collection of essays, aims to demonstrate, through case studies of local-level ecological knowledge and its application, the powerful benefits and lessons TEK can offer for sustaining ourselves within the context of our environment. Although the separate chapters in this volume have their genesis in a variety of different projects, their authors share a recognition that local peoples who rely upon harvesting fish, animals, and plants for their survival have much to offer western science.

Citation:
Menzies, C. R. (2006).  Traditional ecologial knowledge and natural resource mangement. Abstract
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Traditional ecological knowledge - bibliography


Year: 1996

Citation:
[Anonymous] (1996).  Traditional ecological knowledge - bibliography.
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Traditional ecological knowledge and environmental assessment


Year: 1990

Citation:
[Anonymous] (1990).  Traditional ecological knowledge and environmental assessment.
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Traditional ecological knowledge and environmental assessment: An annotated bibliography


Year: 1997

Citation:
[Anonymous] (1997).  Traditional ecological knowledge and environmental assessment: An annotated bibliography.
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Traditional ecological knowledge and environmental futures


Author(s): LaDuke, W.

Year: 1994

Abstract:
The Canadian federal process for environmental impact assessment (EIA) integrates health, social, and environmental aspects into either a screening, comprehensive study, or a review by a public panel, depending on the expected severity of potential adverse environmental effects. In this example, a Public Review Panel considered a proposed diamond mining project in Canada's northern territories, where 50% of the population are Aboriginals. The Panel specifically instructed the project proposer to determine how to incorporate traditional knowledge into the gathering of baseline information, preparing impact prediction, and planning mitigation and monitoring. Traditional knowledge is defined as the knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and/or local communities developed from experience gained over the centuries and adapted to local culture and environment. The mining company was asked to consider in its EIA: health, demographics, social and cultural patterns; services and infrastructure; local, regional and territorial economy; land and resource use; employment, education and training; government; and other matters. Cooperative efforts between government, industry and the community led to a project that coordinated the concerns of all interested stakeholders and the needs of present and future generations, thereby meeting the goals of sustainable development. The mitigation measures that were implemented take into account: income and social status, social support networks, education, employment and working conditions, physical environments, personal health practices and coping skills, and health services.

Citation:
LaDuke, W. (1994).  Traditional ecological knowledge and environmental futures. Abstract
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Traditional ecological knowledge and Inuit: Reflections on TEK research and ethics


Author(s): Wenzel, G. W.

Year: 1999

Citation:
Wenzel, G. W. (1999).  Traditional ecological knowledge and Inuit: Reflections on TEK research and ethics. 52(2), 113-124.
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Traditional ecological knowledge and its application


Author(s): Gaup, N. O.

Year: 1995

Citation:
Gaup, N. O. (1995).  Traditional ecological knowledge and its application.
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Traditional ecological knowledge and land use


Year: 2006

Abstract:
This project application contains three traditional ecological knowledge and land use studies for the communities of Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation, Fort Chipewyan Métis Local 125, and Fort McKay First Nation. Mikisew Cree First Nation has also completed a traditional ecological knowledge and land use study, but have elected to keep the results of the study confidential and have therefore withheld the results from this application. The objectives of the studies were to summarize community perspectives on the potential effects of both previous developments and the Project; provide both environmental and cumulative effects assessments of the Project on traditional land use; make recommendations for the mitigation of potential effects; and describe the types of traditional ecological knowledge collected. Traditional ecological knowledge and land use information was obtained through a variety of means, including initial scoping meetings, workshops and personal interviews, field trips and site visits, and follow-up verification meetings. With some communities additional opportunities for information exchange also occurred, such as the camping trip involving Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation Elders and youth, FMA Heritage, and Synenco representatives. Personal interviews with all community members were semi-directed, though interviewees were free to lead discussions in other directions deemed important, and maps of the region and project area were used. A desktop literature review was also conducted. Each study presents baseline information such as the community's traditional values and lifeways, traditional ecological knowledge and land use. This is followed by a section entitled "Application Case Assessment" that discusses the specific issues and concerns relayed by each community about the project and their recommendations for mitigation. For example, the broad categories of concern for Fort Chipewyan Métis Local 125 were employment and training, water quality and quantity, consultation with Métis locals, Métis occupancy and use, environmental protection, environmental management, air quality, wildlife, and human health.

Citation:
[Anonymous] (2006).  Traditional ecological knowledge and land use. Abstract
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Traditional ecological knowledge and land use report: Deer Creek Energy Limited Joslyn North Mine Project


Year: 2006

Citation:
FMA Heritage Resources Consultants Inc. (2006).  Traditional ecological knowledge and land use report: Deer Creek Energy Limited Joslyn North Mine Project.
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Traditional ecological knowledge and land use report: Deer Creek Energy Limited, Joslyn North Mine Project


Year: 2006

Abstract:
This traditional ecological knowledge and land use report provides information gathered during interviews with members of Fort McKay First Nation regarding the Joslyn North Mine Project and its impact on both the project area and the traditional territory of Fort McKay First Nation, as defined by using the McKillop's culturally significant ecosystems model. The study included a literature review, as well as meetings and 15 individual interviews. A traditional land use facilitator, an assistant, and a Fort McKay Industry Relations Corporation representative led the interviews, which were conducted and recorded in the interviewee's language of choice. Interviews focused on patterns of traditional occupancy and use, location of traditional sites, changes in the landscape and traditional occupancy in the interviewee's lifetime, environmental concerns related to development, plant and animal health, fish quality, overall environmental health, water quality and quantity, air quality, issues and concerns based on the interviewee's views of potential project impacts, and mitigation measures and recommendations. Interviewees were also encouraged to lead discussion into other topics of importance. The report provides a cultural and historical context section that discusses regional Aboriginal groups, historical and cultural background, and the traditional life-ways of Fort McKay First Nation. Results of the literature review are presented, and a detailed discussion of both historic and current traditional land use of both the local regional study areas is provided. The report also details the issues and concerns regarding development on a number of items. The project-specific and cumulative effects are also reviewed. An appendix summarizes the traditional ecological knowledge of Fort McKay community members.

Citation:
[Anonymous] (2006).  Traditional ecological knowledge and land use report: Deer Creek Energy Limited, Joslyn North Mine Project . Abstract
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Traditional ecological knowledge and modern environmental assessment


Author(s): Sadler, B., & Boothroyd P.

Year: 1993

Citation:
Sadler, B., & Boothroyd P. (1993).  Traditional ecological knowledge and modern environmental assessment.
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Traditional ecological knowledge and modern environmental assessment


Year: 1994

Abstract:
The chapters of this monograph collectively indicate the diversity of contributions to environmental assessment that traditional knowledge has been making, or could make in the future. These essays were originally commissioned as individual research reports by the Canadian Environmental Assessment Research Council (CEARC). Upon CEARC's demise, these holdings were assigned to the International Study of the Effectiveness of Environment Assessment, a joint initiative of the Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office (FEARO) and the International Association for Impact Assessment. The valuable information contained within these essays include: traditional ecological knowledge and modern environmental assessment; the future of traditional ecological knowledge and resource management in native communities; a preliminary research prospectus from the assembly of First Nations; and guidelines for the conduct of participatory community research. A case study of Ehattesaht Traditional Fisheries systems including study methods and area, community knowledge of traditional fisheries systems, relevance and relationship of traditional approaches to modern day systems of fisheries management, and impact assessment recommendations is also included.

Citation:
[Anonymous] (1994).  Traditional ecological knowledge and modern environmental assessment. Abstract
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Traditional ecological knowledge and natural resource management


Author(s): Menzies, C.

Year: 2006

Abstract:
This collection of essays, aims to demonstrate, through case studies of local-level ecological knowledge and its application, the powerful benefits and lessons TEK can offer for sustaining ourselves within the context of our environment. Although the separate chapters in this volume have their genesis in a variety of different projects, their authors share a recognition that local peoples who rely upon harvesting fish, animals, and plants for their survival have much to offer western science.

Citation:
Menzies, C. (2006).  Traditional ecological knowledge and natural resource management. Abstract
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Traditional ecological knowledge as collective wisdom


Author(s): Doubleday, N. C.

Year: 1991

Citation:
Doubleday, N. C. (1991).  Traditional ecological knowledge as collective wisdom.
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Traditional ecological knowledge in environmental assessment and management


Author(s): Usher, P. J.

Year: 2000

Citation:
Usher, P. J. (2000).  Traditional ecological knowledge in environmental assessment and management.
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Traditional ecological knowledge in perspective


Author(s): Berkes, F.

Year: 1993

Citation:
Berkes, F. (1993).  Traditional ecological knowledge in perspective.
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Traditional ecological knowledge in the Kach?u?tudy region : Final report


Author(s): Parlee, B., Basil M., & Casaway N.

Year: 2001

Citation:
Parlee, B., Basil M., & Casaway N. (2001).  Traditional ecological knowledge in the Kach?u?tudy region : Final report.
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Traditional ecological knowledge of the boreal woodland caribou in western Wood Buffalo National Park


Author(s): Gunn, F. E.

Year: 2009

Abstract:
Traditional Ecological Knowledge(TEK) of boreal woodland caribou in western Wood Buffalo National Park was investigated to determine how Aboriginal elders and harvesters from K'tl'odeeche First Nation, Little Red River Cree Nation and Mikisew Cree First Nation have experienced and perceived woodland caribou, and to learn about woodland caribou distribution. Twenty people participated in semi-directive, map-based interviews. The research was most successful where the degree of collaboration with First Nations was highest. Woodland caribou do not appear to be a cultural keystone species. TEK was most valuable for providing a historical dimension and information on distribution and movement, and less helpful for information on abundance or predation. The results confirmed the known range extent within the park and provided additional information on occurrence.Knowledge of movement was variable. Participants observed that some herds are sedentary, while others have distinct seasonal migrations, some with distinct elevation changes. There was considerable cross-boundary movement.

Citation:
Gunn, F. E. (2009).  Traditional ecological knowledge of the boreal woodland caribou in western Wood Buffalo National Park. Abstract
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Traditional ecological knowledge, biodiversity, resilience and sustainability


Author(s): Berkes, F., Folke C., & Gadgil M.

Year: 1995

Citation:
Berkes, F., Folke C., & Gadgil M. (1995).  Traditional ecological knowledge, biodiversity, resilience and sustainability.
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Traditional ecological knowledge: A collection of essays


Author(s): Johannes, R. E.

Year: 1989

Citation:
Johannes, R. E. (1989).  Traditional ecological knowledge: A collection of essays.
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