Traditional Ecological Knowledge(TEK) of boreal woodland caribou in western Wood Buffalo National Park was investigated to determine how Aboriginal elders and harvesters from K'tl'odeeche First Nation, Little Red River Cree Nation and Mikisew Cree First Nation have experienced and perceived woodland caribou, and to learn about woodland caribou distribution. Twenty people participated in semi-directive, map-based interviews. The research was most successful where the degree of collaboration with First Nations was highest. Woodland caribou do not appear to be a cultural keystone species. TEK was most valuable for providing a historical dimension and information on distribution and movement, and less helpful for information on abundance or predation. The results confirmed the known range extent within the park and provided additional information on occurrence.Knowledge of movement was variable. Participants observed that some herds are sedentary, while others have distinct seasonal migrations, some with distinct elevation changes. There was considerable cross-boundary movement.