The chapters of this monograph collectively indicate the diversity of contributions to environmental assessment that traditional knowledge has been making, or could make in the future. These essays were originally commissioned as individual research reports by the Canadian Environmental Assessment Research Council (CEARC). Upon CEARC's demise, these holdings were assigned to the International Study of the Effectiveness of Environment Assessment, a joint initiative of the Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office (FEARO) and the International Association for Impact Assessment. The valuable information contained within these essays include: traditional ecological knowledge and modern environmental assessment; the future of traditional ecological knowledge and resource management in native communities; a preliminary research prospectus from the assembly of First Nations; and guidelines for the conduct of participatory community research. A case study of Ehattesaht Traditional Fisheries systems including study methods and area, community knowledge of traditional fisheries systems, relevance and relationship of traditional approaches to modern day systems of fisheries management, and impact assessment recommendations is also included.