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Repository of the Athabasca River Basin

Oil Sands Environmental Management Bibliography

The Cumulative Environmental Management Association (CEMA)partnered with the Oil Sands Research and Information Network (OSRIN) to create the new Oil Sands Environmental Management Bibliography, which includes documents relevant to the environmental management of oil sands development in Alberta. The majority of the documents focus on the mineable oil sands in the Athabasca deposit, though some documents relate to in-situ developments. This bibliography was last updated in November 2014.

Athabasca oil sands multiple use corridor study: Corridor selection process

Authors

Year of Publication: 1986

Abstract:
In a region such as the Athabasca Oil Sands, a major consequence of resource development is the need to transport people, materials and energy into and out of the region. While resource development has encouraged the establishment or upgrading of transportation infrastructure such as roads, a railroad and an airport, linear facilities such as pipelines and power transmission lines are also required to serve the various resource activities during the construction and processing phases. To alleviate potential adverse effects placed upon the natural environment from the proliferation of linear facilities, the multiple use corridor concept has been accepted by the Department of Alberta Forestry, Lands and Wildlife, as a feasible remedy to such a situation. This study completes a preliminary step in the development of such a corridor in northeastern Alberta. The corridor proposed in this document will be adjusted and more clearly defined as additional studies, including the department's integrated resource planning process, are undertaken in the region. Furthermore, the process used by the planning team, to select the proposed corridor is described throughout Chapter 2. The study, when initiated, had been referred to as the Lac La Biche-McClelland Lake Multiple Use Corridor Study. However, the revised name Athabasca Oil Sands Multiple Use Corridor Study more accurately depicts the corridors' provincial location and the natural resource that it primarily will serve.

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1986). Athabasca oil sands multiple use corridor study: Corridor selection process. (Alberta Forestry, Lands and Wildlife, Resource Planning Branch, Ed.). 45 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca oil sands precipitation chemistry studies: 1976-79 and 1981

Authors Olson, R., Thomson B., Bertram H., & Peters R.

Year of Publication: 1982

Abstract:
A study of the wet deposition of atmospheric pollutants in northeastern Alberta was initiated by Alberta Environment and Atmospheric Environment Service in 1976. The objectives of this ongoing study are to determine changes in the input rate of atmospheric trace substances into sensitive ecosystems and to provide a data base for the documentation of variations in the chemical characteristics of precipitation. In 1980, scientists from Research Management Division, Alberta Environment conducted an extensive review of the procedures and techniques which were being used in other precipitation chemistry studies. This resulted in the identification of potential inconsistancies in the existing data base. These problem areas were attributed to sample collection procedures, restrictions of the chemical analyses techniques and the reliability of the data with only a limited quality assurance program. Many of these concerns have been addressed in the 1981 precipitation chemistry field season. Alberta Environment introduced changes in the methodology that would both minimize the possibility of non-representative samples and ensure that the data would be comparable to other precipitation chemistry studies.

Citation:

Olson, R., Thomson B., Bertram H., & Peters R. (1982). Athabasca oil sands precipitation chemistry studies: 1976-79 and 1981. 66 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca oil sands process water: Characterization by atmospheric pressure photoionization and electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Authors Barrow, M. P., Witt M., Headley J. V., & Peru K. M.

Year of Publication: 2010

Abstract:
The Athabasca oil sands in Canada are a less conventional source of oil which have seen rapid development. There are concerns about the environmental impact, with particular respect to components in oil sands process water which may enter the aquatic ecosystem. Naphthenic acids have been previously targeted for study, due to their implications in toxicity toward aquatic wildlife, but it is believed that other components, too, contribute toward the potential toxicity of the oil sands process water. When mass spectrometry is used, it is necessary to use instrumentation with a high resolving power and mass accuracy when studying complex mixtures, but the technique has previously been hindered by the range of compounds that have been accessible via common ionization techniques, such as electrospray ionization. The research described here applied Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry in conjunction with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization, in both positive-ion and negative-ion modes, to the characterization of oil sands process water for the first time. The results highlight the need for broader characterization when investigating toxic components within oil sands process water.

Citation:

Barrow, M. P., Witt M., Headley J. V., & Peru K. M. (2010). Athabasca oil sands process water: Characterization by atmospheric pressure photoionization and electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 82(9), 8 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca oil sands tailings disposal beyond surface mineable limits

Authors

Year of Publication: 1979

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1979). Athabasca oil sands tailings disposal beyond surface mineable limits. (Hardy Associates (1978) Ltd., Monenco Consultants Limited, Ed.). 374 pages .

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Athabasca oil sands. A brief by the Research Council of Alberta for presentation to the Borden Royal Commission on Energy Resources

Authors

Year of Publication: 1958

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1958). Athabasca oil sands. A brief by the Research Council of Alberta for presentation to the Borden Royal Commission on Energy Resources. (Research Council of Alberta, Ed.). 29 pages .

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Athabasca River basin low flow analysis

Authors

Year of Publication: 1984

Abstract:
This report identifies historical, annual and open water, low flow sequences for 13 stations in the Athabasca River Basin. Frequency curves are developed which provide an estimate of droughts of a specified exceedance probability. Drought events recorded on the Athabasca River below McMurray with an exceedance probability greater than 0.90 are identified and discussed. The analysis provides low flow information which can be used to determine general management guidelines for the Athabasca River Basin.

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1984). Athabasca River basin low flow analysis. (Alberta Environment, Hydrology Branch, Ed.). 86 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca River basin study: Historical natural flows 1912 to 1980

Authors Bothe, R. A.

Year of Publication: 1982

Abstract:
This report presents details on the analysis of historical natural flows in the Athabasca River basin. Monthly flows are provided for the period 1912 to 1980 at 21 locations on the Athabasca River and its major tributaries. The flow data sets are suitable for water management planning on the scale of the Athabasca River basin. If an area is identified as having a potential water supply problem, a detailed analysis of the region, likely on a shorter time frame, should be considered.

Citation:

Bothe, R. A. (1982). Athabasca River basin study: Historical natural flows 1912 to 1980. 61 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca River basin water use assessment

Authors Erxleben, J. P.

Year of Publication: 1982

Abstract:
The Athabasca River Basin contains valuable resources including timber, coal, petroleum and natural gas, and oil sands. A variety of intensive development activities are taking place and the use of water in these activities is important. In order to provide the Athabasca River Basin Planner with water use data (allocation, withdrawals, and consumption), this report identifies current and potential future water uses in the basin. The Athabasca River alone is an important source for many users. It is estimated that nearly 76 percent of all water used in the basin in 1981 was obtained from the river, 22 percent from major tributaries and other surface sources, and the remaining 2 percent from groundwater sources. The smallest water using sector in the basin is municipal use, amounting to 12.40 x 106m3 or 6 percent of total withdrawals in 1981. Consumptive uses amounted to 2.48 x 106m3 or 3 percent of total consumption. In the future, it is anticipated that municipal water use will increase as a result of population growth associated with further resource developments. Forecasts indicate that withdrawals for the sector will rise by 149 percent to 30.91 x 106m3 or 3 percent of total, and consumption to 6.18 x 106m3 by the year 2001, at which time municipal withdrawals will rank second after industrial withdrawals. The second largest water using sector currently in the basin is agricultural water use. In 1981, withdrawals and consumption were 17.71 x 106m3, comprising 9 percent of total withdrawals and 25 percent of total consumption. Water use for the sector is expected to rise by 53 percent to 27.02 x 106m3 by 2001, when it will comprise 3 percent of total withdrawals and 11 percent of total consumption. Water use in the basin is dominated by the industrial sector. Industries accounted for an estimated total 178.16 x 106m3 or 5 percent of all water withdrawn in 1981. The sector's total consumptive water use in 1981 amounted to an estimated 51.91 x 106m3 or 72 percent of total basin consumption. The two oil sands plants (Suncor and Syncrude) account for the major portion of industrial water use. A variety of industrial activities have been identified in the basin for potential development based upon natural resource availability. Beyond the year 2001, industrial water withdrawals are forecasted to rise to 1 004.15 x 106m3 and consumption to 202.40 x 106m3 if all currently identified industrial projects are developed as predicted. Total water withdrawals in the Athabasca River Basin are forecasted to rise from 208.27 x 106m3 in 1981 to 1 062.08 x 106m3 beyond the year 2001. Total water consumption is forecasted to rise from 72.10 x 106m3 in 1981 to 235.60 x 106m3 over the same period.

Citation:

Erxleben, J. P. (1982). Athabasca River basin water use assessment. 86 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca River bridge to Steepbank Mine river hydraulics and ice study

Authors

Year of Publication: 1996

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1996). Athabasca River bridge to Steepbank Mine river hydraulics and ice study. (AGRA Earth & Environmental Limited, Ed.). 72 pages .

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Athabasca River instream flow needs scoping study

Authors

Year of Publication: 2004

Abstract:
The Cumulative Environmental Management Association (CEMA), in partnership with Alberta Environment and Alberta Sustainable Resource Development was tasked with developing a year-round instream flow needs (IFN) determination for the Athabasca River. The IFN Subgroup of the Surface Water Working Group of CEMA was formed to address IFN issues on the lower Athabasca River based on the following objective: Develop a defensible, science-based IFN recommendation that provides full, long-term protection to the aquatic ecosystem for the lower Athabasca River. Golder Associates Ltd. (Golder) was retained by CEMA to develop a scope of work for developing an IFN for the lower Athabasca River. As a component of the scope of work, existing information was compiled and summarized to aid in the identification of data gaps. To help deal with the uncertainty of conducting an IFN study with a winter component, Golder hosted an expert workshop to aid in problem definition and resolution in the development of an appropriate IFN assessment framework. The objectives of the scoping study are to: • review and summarize existing data; • identify potential data gaps necessary for completing an IFN evaluation; • propose a flow evaluation framework for assessing instream flow needs; and, • provide a work plan for completing any additional field work and the development of an IFN determination for the lower Athabasca River. The development of the scope of work for the lower Athabasca River follows the latest thinking in the IFN scientific community which includes the concept that defining a flow regime that protects the aquatic ecosystem must account for natural flow variation and must also consider multiple components of the aquatic ecosystem (Annear et al. 2002). The most recent IFN study conducted in Alberta followed this type of an ecosystem approach (Clipperton et al. 2003).

Citation:

[Anonymous] (2004). Athabasca River instream flow needs scoping study. (Golder Associates Ltd., Ed.). 130 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca River modelling studies (phase I): Fort McMurray - Embarras

Authors Yau, H., Murphy K. L., & Timpany P. L.

Year of Publication: 1982

Abstract:
The present and proposed industrial development associated with the Athabasca Oil Sands has resulted in a need to evaluate the Athabasca River transport and assimilation of contaminants and water occurring substances. Since the beginning of AOSERP in April 1975, water quality and quantity data have been collected to provide a general baseline of information. Preliminary studies of the Athabasca River Basin indicate that a mass balance approach may be used to model the chemistry of the Athabasca River. The base model developed provides a reasonable analysis of dissolved sodium, dissolved chloride, total alkalinity, and total hardness between Fort McMurray and the Embarras Airport. It appears possible now to investigate transformations, impacts, and assimilation of non-conservative substances in the Athabasca River utilizing the mass balance concept developed for conservative substances in the study. Once the composite model is calibrated and tested, it would predict mass loading or concentration of a parameter at any point along the study area for different future development scenarios. The resulting evaluations of these development scenarios will allow comprehensive management planning to be completed for the Athabasca watershed.

Citation:

Yau, H., Murphy K. L., & Timpany P. L. (1982). Athabasca River modelling studies (phase I): Fort McMurray - Embarras. 101 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca River monitoring program - 1979

Authors Byrtus, G.

Year of Publication: 1981

Abstract:
The Pesticide Chemicals Branch of Alberta Environment conducted a monitoring program in 1979 related to two methoxychlor treatments of the Athabasca River for black fly (Simulium arcticum) control. Three populations of black fly larvae were observed in 1979 and the first two populations were reduced by 91.2% (June 7 treatment) and 98.1% (July 11 treatment) respectively. Population reductions of nontarget invertebrate organisms was observed but recovery was fairly complete within 4 weeks of treatments. Silt samples collected over the summer indicated that methoxychlor did not accumulate in the river bottom silt. Water samples that were collected for the July 11 treatment at Fort McMurray (250 km downstream of treatment point) indicated that maximum concentrations of methoxychlor present in the river water was 3.5 ppb. Adult activity sampling indicated that there was a fairly close relationship between adult emergence expected through larval development data and adult activity measured along the river.

Citation:

Byrtus, G. (1981). Athabasca River monitoring program - 1979. 69 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca River monitoring program - 1980

Authors Byrtus, G.

Year of Publication: 1981

Abstract:
The use of methoxychlor in the Athabasca River to control black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae was monitored in 1980 by Alberta Environment. Effective control of black fly was observed for a distance of 60 km. The effect of the methoxychlor on non-target invertebrate organisms was considerable at sites located 60 km and closer to the treatment points, however, complete recovery was observed over the summer. Methoxychlor residues in the silt bedload dissipated fairly rapidly after treatment. Adult black fly activity data indicated that adults were more abundant in August than in June, suggesting that methoxychlor treatment of the river in late May had an effect on reducing adult numbers in the farming area during June.

Citation:

Byrtus, G. (1981). Athabasca River monitoring program - 1980. 61 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca River monitoring program - 1981

Authors Byrtus, G.

Year of Publication: 1982

Abstract:
The Pesticide Chemicals Branch of Alberta Environment conducted a monitoring program in 1981 related to two methoxychlor treatments of the Athabasca River for black fly (Diptera: Simulium arcticum) control. Three populations of black fly larvae were observed in 1981 and the first two populations were reduced by 95.4% (May 20/21 treatment) and 96.5% (June 19 treatment) respectively. Population reductions of non-target organisms due to methoxychlor was limited for the May 20/21 treatment but was considerable for the June 19 treatment. Water samples collected from the Athabasca River at Fort McMurray contained only trace amounts of methoxychlor. Adult black fly activity in the farming area peaked in late July, correlating with expected adult emergence.

Citation:

Byrtus, G. (1982). Athabasca River monitoring program - 1981. 63 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca River oil spill

Authors

Year of Publication: 1970

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1970). Athabasca River oil spill. (Alberta Environment, Ed.). 15 pages .

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Athabasca River power development Crooked Rapids Dam feasibility study: Volume 1

Authors

Year of Publication: 1975

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1975). Athabasca River power development Crooked Rapids Dam feasibility study: Volume 1. (Thurber Consultants Ltd., Crippen Engineering Ltd, Northwest Hydraulic Consultants Ltd., Ed.).

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Athabasca River power development Crooked Rapids Dam feasibility study: Volume 2

Authors

Year of Publication: 1975

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1975). Athabasca River power development Crooked Rapids Dam feasibility study: Volume 2. (Thurber Consultants Ltd., Crippen Engineering Ltd., Northwest Hydraulic Consultants Ltd., Ed.).

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Athabasca River project 1990/91 progress report

Authors Bourbonniere, R. A.

Year of Publication: 1992

Citation:

Bourbonniere, R. A. (1992). Athabasca River project 1990/91 progress report. 45 pages .

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Athabasca River water quality modelling 1990 update

Authors Macdonald, G., & Radermacher A.

Year of Publication: 1992

Abstract:
The calibrated DOSTOC, NUSTOC and UNSTOC models from 1989 were used effectively to simulate measured 1990 Athabasca River water quality. Changes in effluent loadings at the two pulp mills and an increase in river flows in the lower Athabasca Basin accounted for some noticeable improvements in water quality from that reported in Noton and Shaw (1990). Dissolved oxygen simulations for 1990 incorporated ultimate BOD and kinetic rate information from the long-term BOD laboratory measurements. The laboratory results indicated that at Millar Western, ultimate BOD amounts were substantially reduced from 1989 measurements, and as well the BOD oxidation rate was significantly lower. A lower oxidation rate combined with a reduced BOD ultimate loading accounted for most of the improvements in observed river dissolved oxygen concentrations. Weldwood ultimate BOD levels were also reduced on the sampling date, however, there was not a significant change in the oxidation rate. Sediment oxygen demand measured in 1990 was not appreciably different from measurements in 1989 despite substantial reductions in BOD loadings. There was, however, insufficient information to modify the modelling approach and consequently SOD was assumed to change proportionately with BOD. Phosphorus was modelled as particulate, dissolved and as total (the sum of two forms). Changes in total phosphorus concentrations in the river were greater below. Millar Western than Weldwood. The total phosphorus levels measured and simulated for 1990 were lower than previously measured. The simulation of nitrogen included organic nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia and total nitrogen. An ammonia oxidation rate was derived using the loss of ammonia and gain in nitrate with river distance. Difficulty arose over the mass balance of ammonia and nitrate at White court where measured downstream concentrations were greater than the sum of the Millar Western effluent and Macleod River contributions. Total nitrogen levels simulated and measured in the Athabasca River compare with other measured levels (Noton and Shaw 1990). Colour was modelled as a conservative parameter. Measured and simulated colour levels in the upper Athabasca River were lower in the 1990 survey than 1989 due to reduced colour inputs from Weldwood. Suspended solids simulations included settling of material below the two mill discharges. Millar Western's influence on river suspended solids appears to be reduced from 1989, however the longitudinal river pattern is similar. Following the modelling approach used for the Peace and Wapiti/Smoky River systems, the WASP model was configured for the Athabasca River and used to simulate two representative organic compounds, 2,4,6 trichlorophenol (TCP) and dehydroabietic acid (DHA). The WASP simulations predict concentrations in the water column and the sediments, as dissolved or sediment sorbed phases. Results indicate differences between TCP and DHA in their behaviour in the receiving waters. Expected concentrations in the benthic sediments or water column are lower than conventional analytical techniques could detect.

Citation:

Macdonald, G., & Radermacher A. (1992). Athabasca River water quality modelling 1990 update. 45 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca River water releases impact assessment

Authors

Year of Publication: 1996

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1996). Athabasca River water releases impact assessment. (Golder Associates Ltd., Ed.).

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Athabasca state of the watershed report: Phase 2

Authors Consulting, F. B.

Year of Publication: 2012

Citation:

Consulting, F. B. (2012). Athabasca state of the watershed report: Phase 2.

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Athabasca tar sands - future energy source

Authors Anonymous

Year of Publication: 1974

Abstract:
Brief description of Texaco Exploration Canada Limited work on its Fort McMurray lease in Athabasca Tar Sands area of northern Alberta

Citation:

Anonymous (1974). Athabasca tar sands - future energy source. 51, 6 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca tar sands corridor study. Volume 1 Part 1 Corridor concept

Authors

Year of Publication: 1974

Abstract:
The prospect of impending rapid development of the Athabasca Tar Sands which will generate an unprecedented demand for a wide variety of transportation facilities makes it imperative that the future linkage of the resource area with its markets and supply centres be planned in a comprehensive and logical manner. There has been much discussion and considerable debate regarding the feasibility of combining multiple pipelines, electric-power transmission lines, highways, railroads and communication systems in a single right-of-way or corridor. The general consensus is that in the past there could have been considerable financial saving and less detrimental effect on the total environment had more planning and positive action been undertaken in this regard. However the development of multi-purpose transportation corridors has not taken place due to the inability of a user of such a corridor to initiate the organization and then administer the diverse factors and interests implicit therein. On June 12th, 1973, the Honorable W. J. Yurko, Minister of Alberta Environment signed an agreement authorizing the Athabasca Tar Sands Corridor Study. The purpose of the study was to make recommendations regarding the feasibility and desirability of combining pipelines carrying synthetic crude oil and other products in the same corridor with existing or future utilities and transportation systems, then to select the desired corridor route and the preferred location of a terminal. The recommendations were to be based upon the objective of achieving a realistic balance between minimum social and environmental disturbance and economic cost. In addition, consideration was to be given to the opinions of the various people and organizations who would be affected by the resultant facilities. To this end, representatives from citizen organizations, rural and urban municipalities, industry and the consultant group were involved in the study. This report is the first of a two part report and it deals with the \"Corridor Concept\", its feasibility, application and implementation. Part Two of the report will deal with the location of the corridor and pipeline terminals. This report is the work of many people as indicated in the appendix volumes which contain most of the background information gathered during the study. It is hoped that this report will be used in formulating transportation corridor policy and that legislation covering this aspect will become a reality. Preserving and enhancing the quality of our environment and the quality of life is a continued activity. It is hoped that the co-operation that was evident in the preparation of this report will continue and prevail throughout the much larger and more complex problems involving the development of the full potential of the Athabasca Tar Sands.

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1974). Athabasca tar sands corridor study. Volume 1 Part 1 Corridor concept. (Athabasca Tar Sands Corridor Study Group, Ed.). 37 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca tar sands corridor study. Volume 1 Part 2 Corridor development plan

Authors

Year of Publication: 1974

Abstract:
In this plan a transportation corridor connects the oil sands resources of the Athabasca area to a new major provincial terminal which serves as a central hub for additional corridors radiating out to existing and future industrial facilities and extra-provincial terminals. The placement of these corridors and industrial facilities meets the location parameters agreed upon by the study group. The new corridor components are pipelines, power transmission lines and a relatively short railway spur line in the vicinity of the terminal. Where possible the corridors are integrated with existing pipelines, highways and railways. The Corridor Concept is applicable. \"Alberta Skaro Terminal\" is the provisional name used in this report for the major provincial terminal. The purpose of this terminal is to receive, measure, pass-through, transfer, or direct liquid hydrocarbons by pipeline, railway or truck between petrochemical complexes, refineries, extraprovincial terminals and the mineral source. An additional possible future terminal is indicated in the Hardisty area which will probably be interconnected with the system sometime in the future. The plan envisions several major petrochemical complexes and refinery sites to be developed easterly along the south side of the North Saskatchewan River. The realization of these plants will depend upon many factors, but Alberta through its control of the developing hydrocarbon supplies from the Oil Sands can ensure feedstock supply on a long term basis. With the fast depletion of conventional oil reserves and the enormous increase in cost of conventional crude oil this assured feedstock supply may be the most important factor in determining where processing is to take place. The parameters which were used by the study group in formulating the Corridor Development Plan covered: the social and physical environment, engineering and economic considerations, hydrocarbon supply and demand, decentralization of urban growth, continued support of existing facilities, export of surplus products and the location constraints of each facility. Those participating in the \"Corridor Concept\" part of the plan involved the public, citizens' groups, industry and the multi-discipline consultant group. After this participation and additional study the consultant group prepared the plan contained in this report. Optimistic projections were made to ensure flexibility in order that the system can expand to accommodate any foreseeable industrial growth opportunities for Alberta.

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1974). Athabasca tar sands corridor study. Volume 1 Part 2 Corridor development plan. (Athabasca Tar Sands Corridor Study Group, Ed.). 58 pages . Abstract

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Athabasca tar sands corridor study. Volume 6 Appendix: Environment and engineering

Authors

Year of Publication: 1973

Abstract:
Contains the following chapters: Existing Facilities Location of Transportation Facilities Pipeline and Powerline Impact Rural Agricultural Area The Environmental Impact Analysis Corridor Cross-Section Cost Analysis Inter-Party Responsibilities in Utility Corridor

Citation:

[Anonymous] (1973). Athabasca tar sands corridor study. Volume 6 Appendix: Environment and engineering. (Stewart Weir Stewart Watson & Heinrichs, Ed.). 166 pages . Abstract

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