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Oil Sands Environmental Management Bibliography

The Cumulative Environmental Management Association (CEMA)partnered with the Oil Sands Research and Information Network (OSRIN) to create the new Oil Sands Environmental Management Bibliography, which includes documents relevant to the environmental management of oil sands development in Alberta. The majority of the documents focus on the mineable oil sands in the Athabasca deposit, though some documents relate to in-situ developments. This bibliography was last updated in November 2014.

Propagation study: Use of shrubs for oil sands reclamation

Authors Hermesh, R., & Cole L. M.
Year of Publication: 1984

Abstract:
Techman Engineering Ltd. was jointly commissioned by the Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee and the Oil Sands Environmental Study Group to obtain state-of-the-art information on the propagation of selected woody plants. The purpose was: a) to obtain information on the propagation of certain native and exotic woody plants selected by the client; b) to present this information in form which both provides a summary of each reference reviewed and synthesizes the information at the species level by method of propagation; and c) to make recommendations for further studies on selected species.

Properties of sensitive soils in the Athabasca oil sands area Alberta

Authors
Year of Publication: 2009

Abstract:
This report provides a description and results of a field program conducted to enchance the 2006 sensitive soil series dataset.

Properties of soil profiles over sodic mine spoil 16 years after construction

Year of Publication: 2001

Abstract:
Physical, chemical and root mass differences between two constructed profiles were examined after 16 years. Silty clay subsoil of 0.55 m or 0.95 m thickness was placed over a sodic sandy clay mine spoil topped by 15 cm of clay loam. At common depths below 65 cm, significantly greater 0.55 m spoil Db (ca 1.7 Mg m -3 ) occurred compared to subsoil Db (ca 1.6 Mg m-3 ) of the 0.95 m profile. Soluble Ca, Mg, and Na, SAR, EC and pH did not differ (P < 0.05) between profiles at common distances from spoil interface. A notable increase of soluble Na to (ca 11 mmol L-1 ) and SAR (10) occurred in the 15 cm directly above both spoil interfaces. Root mass, predominantly alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and bromegrass (Bromus inermis ) did not differ between profiles. Still, the 0.55 m and 0.95 m profiles differed in agricultural capability, rated at class 4 and class 3, respectively.

Proposed criteria and indicators of ecosystem function for reclaimed oil sands sites

Authors Welham, C., & Robinson N.
Year of Publication: 2006

Abstract:
This report describes a comprehensive, meaningful and cost-effective list of indicators of forest ecosystem function, including a description of how they might be used to assess reclaimation areas.

Proposed design for a program of toxicological research for the Alberta Oil Sands Environmental Research Program

Year of Publication: 1979

Abstract:
A proposed design, and supporting information, for an integrated program of toxicological research for the Alberta Oil Sands Environmental Research Program is presented. The first major section of the report (Section 2) contains background information pertinent to the development of a research design. The nature and magnitude of present and proposed oil sands development wastes within the AOSERP study area are reviewed, as are the results of studies on air quality, water quality, and toxicology. The general toxicology of inorganic trace elements, sulphur and sulphur compounds, photochemical air pollutants, and organic compounds to mammals, vegetation, and aquatic organisms is reviewed by means of literature searches. A 'Toxicological Index' is proposed to outline the toxicological significance of specific inorganic elements to mammals and aquatic organisms. The index provides a list of elements judged to be of environmental concern. Gaps in information pertinent to the design of a toxicological research program are identified and discussed. The proposed toxicological program research design is outlined in Section 3. The proposed design is based on the integration of baseline data, inventories of wastes, identification of biological target systems, assessment of toxicity (including preliminary evaluation, biomonitoring, and toxicity testing), and generation of information for management purposes. Requirements for research within the proposed design in each AOSERP Research System are identified and specific projects are recommended.

Prospects for the development of mineable oil sands

Authors Feick, J. E.
Year of Publication: 1983

Abstract:
Support for a growth in nuclear power has been seen in China and the United States. Obstacles to further growth include cost, concerns about links to proliferation of nuclear weapons, public attitudes, how to handle nuclear waste, and workforce shortages. More than 20 countries are considering building nuclear power plants. Among new designs being considered are pebble-bed reactors and small reactors. Continued growth will require addressing the obstacles and continued safe operation of plants worldwide.

Protocol for updating and preparing a modelling emission inventory

Year of Publication: 2011

Abstract:
This protocol is for the preparation and updating of an emission inventory database to meet the needs of the frameworks/plans developed by NSMWG and TMAC.

Public participation: Increased demands in the 1990s

Authors Brocke, L. K.
Year of Publication: 1991

Abstract:
The environmental wave of the 1980s will continue through the year 2000 and beyond. The public is demanding more and more involvement in development decisions. The issue not only for industry, but for regulators as well, is how to accomodate these public demands. In Alberta, the opportunity for the public to participate in the decision-making process regarding major energy projects has always been available. Any proponent is required to involve the public during the preparation of their environmental impact assessment and a quasi-judicial public hearing is provided for. This process, although efficient, tends to be confrontational and often does not result in a resolution of issues. As a result, community advisory committees often evolve out of the hearing to enable the affected community to become more actively involved in the project development and operation. In the oil sands region, this confrontational dilemma has been evident with the native community of Fort McKay since development began. In an effort to address this dilemma, The Alberta government initiated the community committee concept as a standing committee to deal with any new development proposals. The result has been open consultation with the community and resolution of issues before any confrontation could develop. Regional land use and reclamation decisions are being made with input of all stakeholders.

Pursuing credibility through standardization: The potential for Canadian product category rules to enhance the comparability of greenhouse gas emissions claims of Alberta's oil sands

Year of Publication: 2013

Abstract:
The accuracy, transparency, and comparability of life cycle estimates are central to the controversy over the use of life cycle assessment to support policy. This thesis examines the potential for a Canadian formal voluntary standard to create product category rules for crude oil products. Such a standard would be developed at the Canadian Standards Association, and may enhance the credibility and improve the comparability of greenhouse gas emissions claims of Alberta’s oil sands products. A case study is developed as a narrative of key stakeholders in the proposed standard’s development, and interview findings are compared with hypotheses derived from standards literature. Challenges facing consensus in life cycle assessment were found to parallel those facing standards development organizations. Novel findings indicate widespread disagreement with the use of life cycle assessment to support regulation, substantial differences in the desired prescriptiveness of the standard, and a heavy focus placed on its revision post-implementation.

Qualifying environmental trusts as financial security for oil sands reclamation liabilities

Year of Publication: 2012

Abstract:
The Alberta oil sands resource is vast; however, the amount that can be accessed via open-pit mining is limited. The process of extracting oil from bitumen via open-pit mining has now been going on for decades and could be considered a mature industry. Under Alberta law, plans for the suspension, abandonment, remediation and surface reclamation of each oil sands mine and associated processing plant must be in place before the government allows mining to take place. Each operator must also provide some form of financial security to the Government of Alberta to ensure that funding will be in place to pay for suspension, abandonment, remediation and surface reclamation liabilities, in the event that the Approval Holder is unable or unwilling to do so. As a mine approaches its end-of-life, the Approval Holder must increase the amount of financial security provided to Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, such that by the time the mine has less than six years of reserves left, the entire amount of the estimated clean-up cost is covered by financial security. One of the forms of financial security made available to oil sands operators, effective 2011, is a qualifying environmental trust (QET). The royalty regime in Alberta for operators of mature oil sands mines (known as the post-payout phase) is such that royalties paid by oil sands operators to the government are calculated based on revenue less ‘allowed’ costs. Abandonment, remediation and surface reclamation costs are considered allowed costs. However, an Approval Holder cannot deduct allowed costs from royalties after bitumen production is complete; thus any suspension, abandonment, remediation and surface reclamation costs incurred after production are not deductible. On the other hand, the funding of a QET to provide financial security for future suspension, abandonment, remediation and surface reclamation costs is immediately deductible for royalty and income tax purposes. For reasons detailed herein, we expect that as oil sands mines approach their end-of-life, the operators will establish QETs to avoid forfeiting the deduction of their suspension, abandonment, remediation and surface reclamation costs. The suspension, abandonment, remediation and surface reclamation liabilities that have accrued to the oil sands operators are now in the billions of dollars. If even a portion of these are funded by QETs, the effect on the amount of royalties and taxes flowing to the Government of Alberta will be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Thus, understanding if and when oil sands operators will choose to use QETs is important for the forecasting of government revenues, particularly as oil sands royalties are now the single biggest contributor to Alberta’s total royalty revenue. It should be noted that a QET provides a very strong form of financial security. Various versions of environmental trusts are available to mining companies in jurisdictions throughout the world. They are generally deductible for tax purposes; however, we find almost no use of them anywhere, including other jurisdictions within Canada. In this report we discuss why we believe that oil sands firms will use QETs as the reserves in their mines run down. This is done in the context of Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development’s Mine Financial Security Program, introduced in 2011, and the fact that the end-of-life of a number of oil sands mines are in the not too distant future.

Qualitative and quantitative socio-economic data scoping analysis - Final report

Authors
Year of Publication: 2008

Abstract:
This report contains a qualitative and quantitative data scoping analysis for assessing alternative water management frameworks from socio-economic perspectives. It also provides technical input for a socio-economic trade-off analysis.

Quality assurance and quality control related to environmental samples for the Northern River Basins Study.

Authors Ramamoorthy, S.
Year of Publication: 1997

Abstract:
Describes interlaboratory studies and quality assurance/control procedures related to the analysis of environmental samples for the Northern River Basins Study. The interlaboratory studies involved sending samples to be analyzed for dioxin and furan congeners, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, resin acids, metals, and chlorinated phenols. Laboratories were evaluated on closeness to mean and expected concentrations, surrogate recoveries, detection limits, sample handling, dedicated facilities, subcontracted work, high- versus low-resolution mass spectrography results, additional quality assurance/control effort, non-detect data that was detected by other laboratories, flexibility, and treatment of outliers. Appendices include analytical and sampling protocols, plus terms of reference for analytical services.

Quality Evaluation Dataset of the Cold Lake Oil Sands Area Derived from 2005 Landsat Imagery (Image data, Tiff format)

Authors
Year of Publication: 2006

Abstract:
The Cold Lake oil sands area - Township 56 to 69, Range 1 to 11, west of the 4th Meridian, falls within the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan (LARP). As part of Alberta's Land-use Framework, LARP was developed in 2012 to set the stage for robust growth, vibrant communities and a healthy environment within the region. One of its implementation objectives is to balance the economic development of oil sands and impacts on the ecosystem and environment. This is to be achieved through an enhanced science-based monitoring for improved characterization of the environment and to collect the information necessary to understand cumulative effects. This quality evaluation dataset was produced for 2005 Landsat data to identify possible misclassified areas due to sensor noise, cloud, haze, and cloud shadow. These areas are assigned to ?bad pixels' or value ?1' in the quality evaluation dataset.

Quality Evaluation Dataset of the Cold Lake Oil Sands Area Derived from 2006 Landsat Imagery (Image data, Tiff format)

Authors
Year of Publication: 2006

Abstract:
The Cold Lake oil sands area - Township 56 to 69, Range 1 to 11, west of the 4th Meridian, falls within the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan (LARP). As part of Alberta's Land-use Framework, LARP was developed in 2012 to set the stage for robust growth, vibrant communities and a healthy environment within the region. One of its implementation objectives is to balance the economic development of oil sands and impacts on the ecosystem and environment. This is to be achieved through an enhanced science-based monitoring for improved characterization of the environment and to collect the information necessary to understand cumulative effects. This quality evaluation dataset was produced for 2006 Landsat data to identify possible misclassified areas due to sensor noise, cloud, haze, and cloud shadow. These areas are assigned to ?bad pixels' or value ?1' in the quality evaluation dataset.

Quality Evaluation Dataset of the Cold Lake Oil Sands Area Derived from 2007 Landsat Imagery (Image data, Tiff format)

Authors
Year of Publication: 2006

Abstract:
The Cold Lake oil sands area - Township 56 to 69, Range 1 to 11, west of the 4th Meridian, falls within the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan (LARP). As part of Alberta's Land-use Framework, LARP was developed in 2012 to set the stage for robust growth, vibrant communities and a healthy environment within the region. One of its implementation objectives is to balance the economic development of oil sands and impacts on the ecosystem and environment. This is to be achieved through an enhanced science-based monitoring for improved characterization of the environment and to collect the information necessary to understand cumulative effects. This quality evaluation dataset was produced for 2007 Landsat data to identify possible misclassified areas due to sensor noise, cloud, haze, and cloud shadow. These areas are assigned to ?bad pixels' or value ?1' in the quality evaluation dataset.

Quality Evaluation Dataset of the Cold Lake Oil Sands Area Derived from 2008 Landsat Imagery (Image data, Tiff format)

Authors
Year of Publication: 2006

Abstract:
The Cold Lake oil sands area - Township 56 to 69, Range 1 to 11, west of the 4th Meridian, falls within the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan (LARP). As part of Alberta's Land-use Framework, LARP was developed in 2012 to set the stage for robust growth, vibrant communities and a healthy environment within the region. One of its implementation objectives is to balance the economic development of oil sands and impacts on the ecosystem and environment. This is to be achieved through an enhanced science-based monitoring for improved characterization of the environment and to collect the information necessary to understand cumulative effects. This quality evaluation dataset was produced for 2008 Landsat data to identify possible misclassified areas due to sensor noise, cloud, haze, and cloud shadow. These areas are assigned to ?bad pixels' or value ?1' in the quality evaluation dataset.

Quality Evaluation Dataset of the Cold Lake Oil Sands Area Derived from 2009 Landsat Imagery (Image data, Tiff format)

Authors
Year of Publication: 2006

Abstract:
The Cold Lake oil sands area - Township 56 to 69, Range 1 to 11, west of the 4th Meridian, falls within the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan (LARP). As part of Alberta's Land-use Framework, LARP was developed in 2012 to set the stage for robust growth, vibrant communities and a healthy environment within the region. One of its implementation objectives is to balance the economic development of oil sands and impacts on the ecosystem and environment. This is to be achieved through an enhanced science-based monitoring for improved characterization of the environment and to collect the information necessary to understand cumulative effects. This quality evaluation dataset was produced for 2009 Landsat data to identify possible misclassified areas due to sensor noise, cloud, haze, and cloud shadow. These areas are assigned to ?bad pixels' or value ?1' in the quality evaluation dataset.

Quality Evaluation Dataset of the Cold Lake Oil Sands Area Derived from 2010 Landsat Imagery (Image data, Tiff format)

Authors
Year of Publication: 2006

Abstract:
The Cold Lake oil sands area - Township 56 to 69, Range 1 to 11, west of the 4th Meridian, falls within the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan (LARP). As part of Alberta's Land-use Framework, LARP was developed in 2012 to set the stage for robust growth, vibrant communities and a healthy environment within the region. One of its implementation objectives is to balance the economic development of oil sands and impacts on the ecosystem and environment. This is to be achieved through an enhanced science-based monitoring for improved characterization of the environment and to collect the information necessary to understand cumulative effects. This quality evaluation dataset was produced for 2010 Landsat data to identify possible misclassified areas due to sensor noise, cloud, haze, and cloud shadow. These areas are assigned to ?bad pixels' or value ?1' in the quality evaluation dataset.

Quality Evaluation Dataset of the Cold Lake Oil Sands Area Derived from 2011 Landsat Imagery (Image data, Tiff format)

Authors
Year of Publication: 2006

Abstract:
The Cold Lake oil sands area - Township 56 to 69, Range 1 to 11, west of the 4th Meridian, falls within the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan (LARP). As part of Alberta's Land-use Framework, LARP was developed in 2012 to set the stage for robust growth, vibrant communities and a healthy environment within the region. One of its implementation objectives is to balance the economic development of oil sands and impacts on the ecosystem and environment. This is to be achieved through an enhanced science-based monitoring for improved characterization of the environment and to collect the information necessary to understand cumulative effects. This quality evaluation dataset was produced for 2011 Landsat data to identify possible misclassified areas due to sensor noise, cloud, haze, and cloud shadow. These areas are assigned to ?bad pixels' or value ?1' in the quality evaluation dataset.

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