"This research explores, through a literature review and case study analyses, the
experience of three First Nations in the federal environmental assessment (EA) process to
assess if their experience could be characterized as a meaningful level of involvement.
Two of the three First Nation community research participants indicated that the federal
EA process did not meet their needs or expectations for an inclusive process that respects
their unique place within the political, legal, cultural, economic, social, and
environmental fabric of Canada.
The authors conclude that in order to achieve meaningful involvement in EA, special
emphasis should be placed on understanding the contextual issues faced by Aboriginal
peoples, such as lack of involvement in regional planning and decision making, and treaty
and Aboriginal rights issues. Furthermore, much greater emphasis must be placed on
involving Aboriginal peoples well before the EA begins and after it is completed.
CIER presents a framework for improving Aboriginal involvement in EA based upon the
principles of capacity development, broad participation, effective communication,
openness and transparency, Aboriginal values, Indigenous knowledge, community
sustainability, and shared decision making. Each of the principles of the framework is
illustrated by guidelines that make practical implementation suggestions to those involved
in EA.