Aboriginal people all over the world have managed their resources within their own homelands since time immemorial. By applying traditional knowledge and resource management, Aboriginal people have ensured their cultural and environmental sustainability and survival as distinct peoples into the modern age. Today the traditional systems of Aboriginal people are under extreme pressure, and great effort is required to promote those traditions and their value for sustaining Aboriginal people within their homelands. This paper identifies impacts on the traditional resources and lands of the Dene people of Northern Saskatchewan. Issues arising are addressed through the use of a field research-based case study of the impacts of uranium mining on the Dene of the Athabasca basin. The paper will attempt to address the concept of traditional indigenous knowledge and its role in Dene society in the modern world.