This paper examines "Western" environmentalism and its application to international and intercultural contexts. The application of Western ecological models to non-Western societies and ecosystems must consider indigenous peoples as vital players in conservation efforts. Indigenous practices inform ecologists of the likely effects of alternative management strategies and consequential meaning in today's interconnected world. A viable future for environmentalism lies in the revitalization and incorporation of some of the traditional ecological knowledge of indigenous peoples. This paper draws on recent field research in Australia and Nepal, with implications for designation and management of protected areas.