Adapting forest management strategies for Aboriginal cultures, needs and objectives has been challenging. The C&I process has been a popular tool used to conceptualize, evaluate and implement sustainable forest management globally and has recently been used with Aboriginal communities. To date however impressions among Aboriginal communities and organizations are dominated by a feeling that Aboriginal values and objectives are being minimized. Through a literature review and case studies, this report investigates whether the dissatisfaction of Aboriginal communities with the C&I process is due to a lack of understanding by decision-makers and thus incorporation of Aboriginal values or the methods used to access them. It also determines whether the process of C&I is appropriate to Aboriginal communities by determining the conceptual challenges which may be faced when integrating scientific and Aboriginal worldviews.