Due to higher oil prices, deregulation, and new innovations in bitumen technology, the oil sands are booming and experiencing unprecedented prosperity. Canada''s vast oil sand resources have caught the eye of both the United States and China. The United States currently relies on Canada to supply approximately 2.1 million barrels of oil per day to its market, making Canada the U.S.'' number one importer. China does not currently have any oil imports from Canada, but is showing a strong interest in oil sands investments and as a source of oil. This thesis will explore the policy implications for Canada of China''s emerging involvement in the oil sands including the environmental, political and economic repercussions. Policy recommendations for both Alberta''s and Canada''s government will be given regarding the future management of the oil sands and foreign investment in the sector.