This survey has been conceived like fundamental support to the undertaken works has the university of Sherbrooke on the craquage and the destructuration of complex and no-homogeneous substrata while using the known technology as the reactor-have-throw.

The destructuration and the craquage (pyrolysis) of the heavy oil have been studied in a reactor-have-throw. The heavy oil preheated by an intersection of heat, is mixed with a hot gas ($ \rm N\sb2 $, $ \rm H\sb2 $ or n-pentane) in a mixer who communicates with a buzzard, has shortcoming a short duct. The strong speeds reached in the buzzard force the shearing of the liquid has the exit of the buzzard. The atomization of the liquid in a maintained room has constant pressure ($ < $1.5 MPas) is the result of the shearing. The material Mwomise is cooled has the exit of the room and collection for analysis. Gas is as measure in debit and in composition. Coke forms in the room is recovered after every experience.

The configuration used for the combination mixer-buzzard permits the almost-instantaneous heating of the heavy oil has temperatures raised by the thermal action of gas / steam that can be preheated has some highest temperatures than oil. In these conditions, one could reach of the $ T\sb \rm {to mix} $ = 480$\sp\circ$C whereas the time of residence in the combination mixer-buzzard was the order of 1 dry. The room or the atomization occurs can be maintained has lower temperatures (450$\sp\circ$C) if wants. In these conditions, the formation of coke is very weak ($ < $1% ponderal) and the destructuration is meaningful. (Abstract shortened UMI by.)