This document provides a framework for contaminant assessment and its use in identification of remedial options. Particular attention is paid to potential roles for land treatment and backfilling. These operations are likely to be considered early in the decommissioning process because of their perceived economy and frequent historical use. Whereas land treatment is expected to play a role in future decommissioning, it is appropriate only in certain instances and is but one of the many tools available to their land manager. Because inappropriate spreading of wastes on land damages soil that currently is not degraded it is paramount that circumstances leading to this result be avoided. Proposals following are designed to minimize the occurrence of unnecessary environmental damage.