The objective of this traditional land use study was to identify and document the traditional lands of Fort McKay First Nation (FMFN) and to preserve the knowledge of Elders and ancestors for future generations as well as acknowledging that FMFN is seeing a dramatic impact upon their traditional way of life as a result from industrial development along the Mackay River. This study provides a historical explanation of the relationship between the Cree and Chipewyan peoples including past conflicts and peace agreements. These are elements in the baseline study for the TLU. A large portion of the baseline study centres on the impacts felt by Registered Fur Management Areas (RFMAs) with information procured from literature reviews and interviews on the historical and current traditional land use in the region and the effects upon these from industrial development. FMFN give a long list of concerns regarding environmental degradation, and changing lifeways resulting from changes on the land and within economies. Numerous recommendations are made.