<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singh, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klamerth, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McPhedran, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chelme-Ayala, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belosevic, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gamal El-Din, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synthesis of toxicological behavior of oil sands process-affected water constituents</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrocarbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">metals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">naphthenic acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OSRIN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tailings water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">toxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UofA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VOC</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/10402/era.39659</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oil Sands Research and Information Network University of Alberta School of Energy and the Environment </style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edmonton, AB   </style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101 pages </style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Large volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) are produced by the surface-mining oil sands industry in Alberta. The industry is following a no-release practice for OSPW due to its potential environmental toxicity. Both laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that OSPW is toxic to a variety of organisms including bacteria, invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Naphthenic acids (NAs) are widely considered as the major toxic components of OSPW, exhibiting their toxic effects through multiple modes of action such as narcosis, endocrine disruption, and carcinogenicity. However, other pollutants present in OSPW, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), phenols, dissolved ions, heavy metals, and other unknown constituents may also contribute to or modify the overall OSPW toxicity. Although specific information on the toxicity of the compounds present in OSPW is limited, they have been associated with a wide range of biological dysfunctions in exposed organisms, such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and endocrine disruptive effects, caused by the organics (e.g., PAHs, phenols), and ionic imbalances induced by the high levels of total dissolved solids and salts. This report reviews the adverse effects of individual compounds, or mixtures of compounds, that are present in OSPW and/or other oil-related sources. Data on the additive, synergistic, and/or antagonistic effects caused by different constituents present in OSPW are not available, at present. </style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OSRIN Report No. TR-50.  </style></notes><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberta oil sands </style></custom2><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OSEMB</style></custom4></record></records></xml>