<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quagraine, Emmanuel Kobina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Headley, John V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peterson, H. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Is biodegradation of bitumen a source of recalcitrant naphthenic acid mixtures in oil sands tailing pond waters?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodegradation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioremediation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">federal government</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrocarbons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">naphthenic acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">remediation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tailings water</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmmental Engineering </style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40 </style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13 pages </style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carboxylic acids are transient metabolites during the mineralization of petroleum hydrocarbons. Crude oils, however, vary in their proportion of the hydrocarbon components. Depending on structure, some carboxylic acid metabolites resist further biodegradation and persist in aquatic systems. During the extraction of oil sands bitumen, recalcitrant carboxylic acid mixtures, collectively referred to as naphthenic acids (NAs), are released into the wastewaters. These waters also contain unrecovered bitumen from the oil sands. The unextracted bitumen is often overlooked as a possible source of the petroleum acids. The present article discusses the literature data on the biotransformation of hydrocarbons in bitumen from oil sands to the corresponding petroleum carboxylic acids. Some insight is given on the mechanism of the biodegradation process. The susceptibility to biodegradation is affected by differences in alicyclic carboxylic acids such as carbon chain length, chain branching, and the oddness or evenness of carbon chain containing the carboxylic group, positions where alkyl groups are substituted on the cyclic ring, geometrical isomerism, and number of cyclic rings.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberta oil sands </style></custom2><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/362533482</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OSEMB</style></custom4></record></records></xml>