<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mani, Farnaz</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remediation of bitumen-contaminated sand grains: Development of a protocol for washing performance evaluation</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://search.proquest.com/docview/304651838</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of Alberta</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical and Materials Engineering</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">en</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the development of a non-aqueous bitumen extraction process, a major obstacle is solvent loss due to hydrocarbon attachment to the reject sand grains. A proposed solution to this problem is to wash (i.e. remediate) the oil-contaminated sand grains with water and surfactants. This research is focused on developing a protocol to evaluate the performance of particular surfactant types and water chemistry; emphasis was placed on using minimal amounts of water to recover the residual oil. To start, a series of jar tests were conducted (using heptane and hexadecane as solvents) to study the phase behaviours of oil-water-surfactant ternary systems. This was followed by the development of a new washing protocol for the purpose of evaluating remediation performance. Finally, the correlation between overall remediation performance and the oil-water interfacial tension was discussed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. Sc.</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oil &amp; Other Non-renewable Fuels</style></custom1><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Athabasca Oil Sands</style></custom2><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/777303118</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></custom4></record></records></xml>