<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berkes, Fikret</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kislalioglu, Mina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folke, Carl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gadgil, Madhav</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exploring the basic ecological unit: Ecosystem-like concepts in traditional societies</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecological anthropology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human ecology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">traditional ecological knowledge</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">watershed</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/1396/1/exploring.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystems</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">409-415</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">en</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ancient conceptualizations of ecosystems exist in several Amerindian, Asia-Pacific, European, and African cultures. The rediscovery by scientists of ecosystem-like concepts among traditional peoples has been important in the appreciation of traditional ecological knowledge among ecologists, anthropologists, and interdisciplinary scholars. Two key characteristics of these systems are that (a) the unit of nature is often defined in terms of a geographical boundary, such as a watershed, and (b) abiotic components, plants, animals, and humans within this unit are considered to be interlinked. Many traditional ecological knowledge systems are compatible with the emerging view of ecosystems as unpredictable and uncontrollable, and of ecosystem processes as nonlinear, multiequilibrium, and full of surprises. Traditional knowledge may complement scientific knowledge by providing practical experience in living within ecosystems and responding to ecosystem change. However, the &quot;language&quot; of traditional ecology is different from the scientific and usually includes metaphorical imagery and spiritual expression, signifying differences in context, motive, and conceptual underpinnings.</style></abstract><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/698277368</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CEMA</style></custom4></record></records></xml>