@proceedings {52910,
	title = {Minimal health impacts but detectable tissue residues after exposure of northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) to commercial naphthenic acids (PO)},
	year = {2011},
	note = {IN: Proceedings of the 37th Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop October 3-6, 2010 Toronto Ontario. Fletcher T. D. Holdway D. Simmons M. Dutton and L.E. Burridge (Eds). Fisheries and Oceans Canada St. Andrews New Brunswick. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries},
	month = {10/2010},
	address = {Toronto, ON},
	abstract = {Naphthenic acids (NAs) have been implicated as one of the main causes of the toxicity related to oil sands process-affected materials (OSPM). However, previous studies suggest that NAs may not be the toxic component of OSPM. This study investigated the toxicity of commercial (Refined Merichem) NAs to native amphibians (northern leopard frogs) concurrently exposed to saline conditions comparable to those of reclaimed wetlands on the oil sands. Frogs were kept in NAs solutions (0, 20, or 40 mg L-1) for 28 days. These exposures resulted in proportional NAs concentrations in extracts of frog muscle tissue, estimated by GC-MS analyses. Biological assays determined if the increasing exposure concentrations of NAs, and subsequently increased tissue NAs levels, caused a proportional compromise in the health of test animals. Investigations of innate immune function, thyroid hormones, and hepatic detoxification enzyme induction did not differ in response to increased tissue concentrations of NAs. Our results demonstrate that commercial NAs are absorbed and deposited in muscle tissue, and that NAs may play a small role, if any, in the toxicity of OSPM to frogs.
},
	keywords = {amphibians, laboratory, naphthenic acids, toxicity, UofA, UofC, UofS},
	author = {Hersikorn, B. and Young, R. and Fedorak, P. and Smits, J.}
}
