@article {51585,
	title = {Assessing accumulation and biliary excretion of naphthenic acids in yellow perch exposed to oil sands-affected waters},
	volume = {95},
	year = {2014},
	month = {01/2014},
	pages = {8 pages },
	publisher = {Chemosphere },
	abstract = {Naphthenic acids are known to be the most prevalent group of organic compounds in oil sands tailings-associated waters. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were exposed for four months to oil sands-influenced waters in two experimental systems located on an oil sands lease 30 km north of Fort McMurray Alberta: the Demonstration Pond, containing oil sands tailings capped with natural surface water, and the South Bison Pond, integrating lean oil sands. Yellow perch were also sampled from three lakes: Mildred Lake that receives water from the Athabasca River, Sucker Lake, at the edge of oil sands extraction activity, and Kimowin Lake, a distant reference site. Naphthenic acids were measured in perch muscle tissue using gas chromatography{\textendash}mass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). Bile metabolites were measured by GC{\textendash}MS techniques and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection at phenanthrene wavelengths. A method was developed using liquid chromatography{\textendash}high resolution mass spectrometry (LC{\textendash}HRMS) to evaluate naphthenic acids in bile. Tissue analysis did not show a pattern of naphthenic acids accumulation in muscle tissue consistent with known concentrations in exposed waters. Bile fluorescence and LC{\textendash}HRMS methods were capable of statistically distinguishing samples originating from oil sands-influenced waters versus reference lakes. Although the GC{\textendash}MS and HPLC fluorescence methods were correlated, there were no significant correlations of these methods and the LC{\textendash}HRMS method. In yellow perch, naphthenic acids from oil sands sources do not concentrate in tissue at a measurable amount and are excreted through a biliary route. LC{\textendash}HRMS was shown to be a highly sensitive, selective and promising technique as an indicator of exposure of biota to oil sands-derived naphthenic acids.
},
	keywords = {analytical methodology, field, fish, lake, naphthenic acids, tailings water, UofA, UofS},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258250586},
	author = {van den Heuvel, M. R. and Hogan, N.S. and MacDonald, G.Z. and Berrue, F. and Young, R. F. and Arens, C.J. and Kerr, R.G. and Fedorak, P. M.}
}
