@article {22087,
	title = {Duty to consult{\textquoteright}, environmental impacts, and Metis indigenous knowledge},
	year = {2009},
	address = {	Ottawa: Institute on Governance	},
	abstract = {	"Of late, environmental initiatives are increasingly acknowledging the legal obligation to consult 
with Canada{\textquoteright}s Aboriginal peoples, including Metis, and are actively soliciting their input and 
knowledges.   Initiatives include both strategic/planning and project-specific undertakings such 
as the dialogues associated with the long-term management of Canada{\textquoteright}s nuclear fuel waste, the 
five year review of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and a plethora of others (see 
Appendix 1, Table 1 for examples). In these initiatives the Crown has a duty to consult with 
Canada{\textquoteright}s three Aboriginal peoples, First Nations, Inuit, and Metis about the potential effects on 
Aboriginal environments, territories and well-being.  Further, Isaac and Knox argue that 
governments lose little by consulting broadly and thoroughly with Aboriginal people....[since] 
with or without proven Aboriginal title or treaties, the Crown{\textquoteright}s duty to consult Aboriginal people 
remains.  Additionally, consultation is relatively inexpensive when compared to the costs of 
litigation....In short, consultation is not only the legally correct action to take, but it is the wise 
action to take.1 },
	keywords = {Aboriginal policy, consult, consultation, environmental impact, Fort McMurray Metis, Indigenous knowledge, M{\'e}tis, M{\'e}tis Nation of Alberta, MIK, rights-bearing communities, Wood Buffalo Metis Locals},
	url = {http://iog.ca/sites/iog/files/content_files/DutytoConsult-Chretien_Murphy.pdf},
	author = {Chretien, Annette and Murphy, Brenda}
}
